{"id":104834,"date":"2026-10-25T16:53:32","date_gmt":"2026-10-25T14:53:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/twodots.gr\/?p=104834"},"modified":"2026-10-25T16:53:32","modified_gmt":"2026-10-25T14:53:32","slug":"retail-intelligence-choris-tyfla-simeia-selection-bias","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/twodots.gr\/bg\/retail-intelligence-choris-tyfla-simeia-selection-bias\/","title":{"rendered":"Retail intelligence \u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c5\u03c6\u03bb\u03ac \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03b1: \u03c0\u03ce\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03c1\u03b8\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf selection bias"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"td-article-lede\">\u0388\u03bd\u03b1 retail dashboard \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c1\u03b9\u03b8\u03bc\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03b2\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc\u03c7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc, \u03b1\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03ac \u03ba\u03c5\u03c1\u03af\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03c6\u03b9\u03bb\u03ae \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ca\u03cc\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1. \u0397 \u03b1\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u00ab\u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b7\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1 IPW\u00bb \u03ae \u00ab\u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b7\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1 stratification\u00bb: \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03be\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ce\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03c8\u03b7, overlap, \u03b9\u03c3\u03bf\u03c1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03af\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 effective sample size \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03bb\u03ad\u03be\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03bc\u03ad\u03b8\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf.<\/p>\n<div class=\"td-article-toc\">\n<div class=\"td-toc-title\">\u0421\u044a\u0434\u044a\u0440\u0436\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/div>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"#long-tail-antiprosopcefsi\">\u03a4\u03bf long tail \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03af \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03b2\u03bb\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03ce\u03c0\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#naive-average-apotychia\">\u0393\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03af \u03bf \u00ab\u03b1\u03c6\u03b5\u03bb\u03ae\u03c2\u00bb \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03bf\u03c2 \u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03c5\u03b3\u03c7\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#ipw-ti-kanei\">\u03a4\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03ba\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf Inverse Probability Weighting<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#positivity-assumption\">\u0397 positivity assumption \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03bf \u03b8\u03c1\u03b1\u03cd\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#stratification-apotelesmatikotita\">\u0393\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03af \u03c4\u03bf stratification \u03ae\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03c4\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#tessera-senaria\">\u03a4\u03ad\u03c3\u03c3\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b5\u03bd\u03ac\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1, \u03cc\u03c7\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03b7\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#diagnostics-epilogi-methodou\">\u03a4\u03b1 diagnostics \u03c0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b7\u03b3\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bc\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#ecommerce-pricing-marketing\">\u03a4\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 e-commerce, pricing \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 marketing analytics<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#periorismoi-prosomoiosis\">\u039f\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03af \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03bc\u03bf\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#asfalestero-workflow\">\u0388\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03ad\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf workflow \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 retail intelligence<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"td-note\">\n<p class=\"td-note-title\">\u0397 \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7<\/p>\n<p>\u038c\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf long tail \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03b4\u03cc\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1, \u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03b8\u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03bb\u03bb\u03ad\u03c7\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5. \u03a3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b5\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03bc\u03bf\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7, \u03c4\u03bf stratification \u03ae\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03c3\u03b1\u03c6\u03ce\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b9\u03bf \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03cc \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c4\u03c1\u03af\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03ad\u03c3\u03c3\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b5\u03bd\u03ac\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1, \u03b5\u03bd\u03ce \u03c4\u03bf spline IPW \u03ba\u03ad\u03c1\u03b4\u03b9\u03c3\u03b5 \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03bf\u03bc\u03b1\u03bb\u03ae \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03c5\u03c9\u03bd\u03c5\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c3\u03c7\u03ad\u03c3\u03b7.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u03a4\u03b9 \u03b3\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf retail dashboard \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03ac \u03bc\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u03b7 \u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03af\u03b2\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf \u03bb\u03ac\u03b8\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ba\u03bf\u03bc\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03b3\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac\u03c2; \u039f\u03b9 \u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03b4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c7\u03bd\u03ac \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03b8\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ca\u03cc\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c5\u03c8\u03b7\u03bb\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b1\u03c7\u03cd\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c9\u03bb\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd, \u03b5\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03ae \u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1. \u038c\u03bc\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03b7 \u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c6\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf long tail: \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ca\u03cc\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c7\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7\u03bb\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03af\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5, \u03c3\u03c5\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac, \u03b5\u03c0\u03b7\u03c1\u03b5\u03ac\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03ce\u03bd, \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03b3\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac\u03c2.<\/p>\n<p>\u0418\u0437\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0442\u043e <em>Selection Bias Correction in Retail Intelligence<\/em> \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 Spandan Ghose Chowdhury \u03b5\u03be\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03b2\u03bb\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1, \u03cc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b7 \u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03b8\u03c5\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae. \u03a3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03c1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf Inverse Probability Weighting (IPW), \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03ad\u03c2 propensity model \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 stratification. \u03a4\u03bf \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b5\u03cd\u03c1\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03bc\u03af\u03b1 \u03bc\u03ad\u03b8\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b5\u03c1\u03b4\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1. \u0395\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9, \u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03b7 \u03c0\u03b9\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03b8\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03c6\u03b9\u03bb\u03ce\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 niche \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ca\u03cc\u03bd\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03af\u03b1, \u03c4\u03bf IPW \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03af \u03ad\u03be\u03c9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c9\u03c1\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03cb\u03c0\u03bf\u03b8\u03ad\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5, \u03b5\u03bd\u03ce \u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03bf\u03bc\u03b1\u03b4\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b9\u03bf \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03ae.<\/p>\n<p>\u0393\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03ba\u03c4\u03ae\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 e-shop, marketers \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03b4\u03b5\u03c2 business intelligence, \u03c4\u03bf \u03b8\u03ad\u03bc\u03b1 \u03be\u03b5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03bd\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03b8\u03c9\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd. \u0397 \u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03ad\u03b2\u03bb\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bc\u03c6\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03af \u03c3\u03b5 assortment decisions, pricing reviews, campaign reporting \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 customer analytics: \u03cc,\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b9\u03bf \u03bf\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03cc \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf dataset \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03b3\u03ba\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c9\u03c0\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"long-tail-antiprosopcefsi\">\u03a4\u03bf long tail \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03af \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03b2\u03bb\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03ce\u03c0\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2<\/h2>\n<p>\u03a3\u03c4\u03bf retail, \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03c6\u03b9\u03bb\u03ae \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ca\u03cc\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03b8\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac. \u0388\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03b3\u03ad\u03c2, \u03c3\u03c5\u03c7\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03b3\u03ad\u03c2, \u03c3\u03b1\u03c6\u03ad\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf \u03b5\u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03ba\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ae\u03b8\u03c9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03ba\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03c8\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd. \u03a4\u03b1 niche \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ca\u03cc\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03c6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b9\u03bf \u03c3\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac. \u0391\u03bd \u03cc\u03bc\u03c9\u03c2 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b4\u03cd\u03bf \u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03b4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac \u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03ce\u03bd, \u03bf \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03bf\u03c2 \u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03b8\u03bf\u03cd\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c9\u03c0\u03b5\u03cd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c0\u03bb\u03ae\u03c1\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03bf.<\/p>\n<p>\u03a4\u03bf paper \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u03af \u03c9\u03c2 baseline \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03b8\u03c5\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc 100.000 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ca\u03cc\u03bd\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd. \u03a4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ce\u03c4\u03b1 20.000, \u03b4\u03b7\u03bb\u03b1\u03b4\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf head, \u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03cd\u03be\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae\u03c2 2%, \u03b5\u03bd\u03ce \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c5\u03c0\u03cc\u03bb\u03bf\u03b9\u03c0\u03b1 80.000 \u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd 10%, \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03ba\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 0,5 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03b1\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03ac\u03b4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b3\u03cd\u03c1\u03c9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03ba\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03bf. \u0397 \u03c0\u03b9\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03b8\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03c6\u03b9\u03bb\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ca\u03cc\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 90%, \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 niche \u03bc\u03cc\u03bb\u03b9\u03c2 1%. \u0388\u03c4\u03c3\u03b9, \u03c4\u03bf \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 18.000 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03c6\u03b9\u03bb\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 800 niche \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ca\u03cc\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1.<\/p>\n<p>\u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03bc\u03bf\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c7\u03b9 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c4\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b5\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03b3\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac\u03c2. \u0397 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03c7\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf stress test: \u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03b8\u03c5\u03c3\u03bc\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae \u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bc\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03bf\u03cd\u03bc\u03b5 \u03c0\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf \u03b1\u03c0\u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ba\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5 \u03bc\u03ad\u03b8\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03cc\u03c1\u03b8\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"naive-average-apotychia\">\u0393\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03af \u03bf \u00ab\u03b1\u03c6\u03b5\u03bb\u03ae\u03c2\u00bb \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03bf\u03c2 \u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03c5\u03b3\u03c7\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9<\/h2>\n<p>\u03a3\u03c4\u03bf baseline, \u03b7 \u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03cd\u03be\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03cc\u03bb\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ca\u03cc\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 8,400%. \u039f \u03b1\u03c0\u03bb\u03cc\u03c2 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03bf\u03c2 \u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03b8\u03bf\u03cd\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ca\u03cc\u03bd\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b4\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 2,344%, \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03bb\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03c6\u03ac\u03bb\u03bc\u03b1 6,057 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03b1\u03af\u03c9\u03bd \u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03ac\u03b4\u03c9\u03bd. \u03a4\u03bf dataset \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03cc: \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 18.800 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2. \u03a4\u03bf \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03b2\u03bb\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5, \u03cc\u03c7\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bb\u03ce\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf \u03bc\u03ad\u03b3\u03b5\u03b8\u03bf\u03c2.<\/p>\n<p>\u0388\u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u03bf sample \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03bb\u03b7\u03c0\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc. \u03a0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03bc\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03ba\u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c9\u03c0\u03bf\u03cd\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03b3\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03af\u03c3\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c4\u03c5\u03c7\u03b1\u03af\u03bf \u03b8\u03cc\u03c1\u03c5\u03b2\u03bf, \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03c1\u03b8\u03ce\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03b4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03b4\u03cc\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03ad \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9. \u0393\u03b9\u2019 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc <a href=\"https:\/\/twodots.gr\/odigos-gia-ti-dimiourgia-dashboard-sto-google-analytics\/\">dashboard \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf Google Analytics<\/a> \u03c7\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b1\u03c6\u03ae \u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03b8\u03c5\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 coverage, \u03cc\u03c7\u03b9 \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 events.<\/p>\n<p>\u0397 \u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03b3\u03af\u03b4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bc\u03c6\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03b4\u03b1 marketing \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03c0\u03b5\u03bb\u03ac\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03af\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c7\u03bd\u03ac, \u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 recommendation system \u03b5\u03ba\u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03b4\u03b5\u03cd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03c5\u03c1\u03af\u03c9\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03c6\u03b9\u03bb\u03ae SKUs \u03ae \u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03b7 \u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b9\u03bf \u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2. \u03a4\u03bf \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03ad\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ac\u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1, \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03c6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03ce\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf.<\/p>\n<div class=\"td-chart td-chart--metrics\">\n<div class=\"td-chart-head\">\n<p class=\"td-chart-title\">\u03a4\u03bf baseline \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c4\u03ad\u03c3\u03c3\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b5\u03ba\u03bc\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03c2<\/p>\n<p class=\"td-chart-subtitle\">\u039f\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ae\u03ba\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03bc\u03bf\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac \u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b1\u03b3\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac\u03c2.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"td-chart-body\">\n<div class=\"td-metric-grid\">\n<div class=\"td-metric-card\"><span class=\"td-metric-value\">8,400%<\/span><span class=\"td-metric-label\">\u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03cd\u03be\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03cc\u03bb\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03b8\u03c5\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"td-metric-card\"><span class=\"td-metric-value\">2,344%<\/span><span class=\"td-metric-label\">\u03b1\u03c6\u03b5\u03bb\u03ae\u03c2 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03b8\u03bf\u03cd\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"td-metric-card\"><span class=\"td-metric-value\">2,551%<\/span><span class=\"td-metric-label\">\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03af\u03bc\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03b8\u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 IPW<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"td-metric-card\"><span class=\"td-metric-value\">8,384%<\/span><span class=\"td-metric-label\">\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03af\u03bc\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5 stratification \u03c0\u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5 \u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03b4\u03c9\u03bd<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2 id=\"ipw-ti-kanei\">\u03a4\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03ba\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf Inverse Probability Weighting<\/h2>\n<p>\u03a4\u03bf IPW \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03af\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf \u03b2\u03ac\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03af\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd \u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03c0\u03b9\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd. \u0397 \u03c0\u03b9\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03ae\u03c2, \u03ae propensity score, \u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf paper \u03bc\u03b5 logistic regression \u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf rank \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ca\u03cc\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2. \u039a\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03b8\u03bf\u03cd\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf item \u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b2\u03ac\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03af\u03c3\u03bf \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03bf \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03ce\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b9\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03ae\u03c2.<\/p>\n<p>\u0398\u03b5\u03c9\u03c1\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac, \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03af \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd \u03c8\u03b5\u03c5\u03b4\u03bf\u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03b8\u03c5\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc \u03cc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 rank \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03ae. \u03a3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03ac\u03be\u03b7, \u03bf\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03cd \u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b9\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03af\u03b1 \u03b2\u03ac\u03c1\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c5\u03c8\u03b7\u03bb\u03ae \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03cd\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c3\u03b7. \u039f \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03ad\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u03af \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b2\u03ac\u03c1\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c0\u03c4\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf 95\u03bf \u03b5\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03cc\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf, \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b7\u03b8\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b5\u03c7\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03af\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03ce\u03bd.<\/p>\n<p>\u03a3\u03c4\u03bf baseline, \u03c4\u03bf IPW \u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03ac 2,551% \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03bb\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03c6\u03ac\u03bb\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc 6,057 \u03c3\u03b5 5,849 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03b1\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03ac\u03b4\u03b5\u03c2. \u0397 \u03b2\u03b5\u03bb\u03c4\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03ae: 3,4% \u03c9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03bb\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03c6\u03ac\u03bb\u03bc\u03b1. \u0397 regression adjustment \u03c6\u03c4\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf 3,184%, \u03b5\u03bd\u03ce \u03c4\u03bf propensity score matching \u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03b4\u03cc\u03bd \u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b1\u03c6\u03b5\u03bb\u03ae \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03bf.<\/p>\n<div class=\"td-comparison td-comparison-cards td-comparison-cards--horizontal\">\n<div class=\"td-comparison-grid td-comparison-grid--three\">\n<article class=\"td-platform-card\">\n<p class=\"td-comparison-title\">\u0391\u03c6\u03b5\u03bb\u03ae\u03c2 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03bf\u03c2<\/p>\n<p>\u03a0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03c6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03c1\u03cd\u03b2\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf long tail \u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03b7 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03ae \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ac\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7.<\/p>\n<div class=\"td-badge-row\"><span class=\"td-badge\">\u0393\u03c1\u03ae\u03b3\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2<\/span><span class=\"td-badge\">\u039c\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03bb\u03b7\u03c0\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2<\/span><\/div>\n<\/article>\n<article class=\"td-platform-card\">\n<p class=\"td-comparison-title\">IPW<\/p>\n<p>\u0394\u03b9\u03bf\u03c1\u03b8\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03c9 \u03c0\u03b9\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03c4\u03ae\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03ae\u03c2, \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03b3\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03cd\u03b8\u03c1\u03b1\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03b7 overlap \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03b4\u03cc\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03cd\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b7.<\/p>\n<div class=\"td-badge-row\"><span class=\"td-badge\">Weights<\/span><span class=\"td-badge\">Diagnostics<\/span><\/div>\n<\/article>\n<article class=\"td-platform-card td-platform-card--navy\">\n<p class=\"td-comparison-title\">Stratification<\/p>\n<p>\u03a5\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2 \u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03b4\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b8\u03ad\u03c4\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03b8\u03c5\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc, \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03be\u03ac\u03c1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03af\u03b1 \u03b2\u03ac\u03c1\u03b7.<\/p>\n<div class=\"td-badge-row\"><span class=\"td-badge\">\u0394\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03b1\u03bd\u03ad\u03c2<\/span><span class=\"td-badge\">\u03a3\u03c4\u03b1\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03cc<\/span><\/div>\n<\/article>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2 id=\"positivity-assumption\">\u0397 positivity assumption \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03bf \u03b8\u03c1\u03b1\u03cd\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2<\/h2>\n<p>\u0393\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf IPW, \u03ba\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5 \u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c4\u03bc\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03b8\u03c5\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd \u03c0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03b9\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bc\u03c6\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03af \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1. \u038c\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03c6\u03b9\u03bb\u03ae \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ca\u03cc\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c0\u03b9\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 90% \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 niche \u03bc\u03b5 1%, \u03b7 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03c8\u03b7 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b1\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5\u03bd\u03ae\u03c2. \u03a4\u03bf paper \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03bf\u03b2\u03b1\u03c1\u03ae \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b2\u03af\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 positivity assumption.<\/p>\n<p>\u039f\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03af \u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03ba\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03bf\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03cc. \u0397 standardized mean difference \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 rank \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 2,420 \u03c0\u03c1\u03b9\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03b8\u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 2,197 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac, \u03b5\u03bd\u03ce \u03bf \u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03c7\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u03af \u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc 0,1. \u0397 \u03b2\u03b5\u03bb\u03c4\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03cc\u03bb\u03b9\u03c2 9,2% \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c0\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03bf\u03c1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03af\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 22 \u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03cc\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf.<\/p>\n<p>\u03a0\u03c1\u03b9\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf trimming, \u03c4\u03bf \u03bc\u03ad\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03b2\u03ac\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c6\u03c4\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf 163.509,38 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf \u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03bf\u03c2 \u03bc\u03ad\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03bc\u03b5\u03c3\u03bf \u03b2\u03ac\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 681.289 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 1. \u03a4\u03bf effective sample size \u03c0\u03ad\u03c6\u03c4\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 93, \u03bc\u03cc\u03bb\u03b9\u03c2 0,5% \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03b8\u03bf\u03cd\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2. \u039c\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf trimming, \u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b2\u03b5\u03bb\u03c4\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf ESS \u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03b2\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 17.514, \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03b7 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03c0\u03ae \u03b1\u03c6\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03b2\u03ce\u03c2 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03cc\u03c1\u03b8\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b8\u03b1 \u03ad\u03b4\u03b9\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd \u03bf\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2 niche \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2. \u0397 \u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03b4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b5\u03c1\u03b4\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03ba\u03cc\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03cc\u03c1\u03b8\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03bb\u03b7\u03c8\u03af\u03b1\u03c2.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"stratification-apotelesmatikotita\">\u0393\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03af \u03c4\u03bf stratification \u03ae\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03c4\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc<\/h2>\n<p>\u03a4\u03bf stratification \u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ca\u03cc\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03b4\u03b5\u03c2 rank \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03ba\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5 \u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03b4\u03b1, \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b4\u03c5\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b2\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03bc\u03ad\u03b3\u03b5\u03b8\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd strata \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03b8\u03c5\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc. \u03a3\u03c4\u03bf baseline \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c0\u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5 strata, \u03b7 \u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03af\u03bc\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 8,384%, \u03bc\u03cc\u03bb\u03b9\u03c2 0,016 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03b1\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03ac\u03b4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03ac \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae 8,400%.<\/p>\n<p>\u0397 \u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03c5\u03c7\u03af\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03b1\u03bd\u03ae\u03c2: \u03bc\u03ae\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b7 \u03bc\u03ad\u03b8\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ba\u03ad\u03c1\u03b4\u03b9\u03c3\u03b5 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03ae \u03c4\u03b1 \u03cc\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd strata \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c0\u03b9\u03c0\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03bf \u03cc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b7 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b1\u03cd\u03be\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae\u03c2; \u0393\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b8\u03ad\u03c4\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5\u03bd\u03ac\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf \u03c3\u03ba\u03cc\u03c0\u03b9\u03bc\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c6\u03c9\u03bd\u03af\u03b1\u03c2. \u0397 \u03c0\u03b9\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf rank 15.000, \u03b7 \u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03cd\u03be\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf 25.000 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03ac strata \u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03cc\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1. \u0391\u03ba\u03cc\u03bc\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ad\u03c4\u03c3\u03b9, \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5 strata \u03c0\u03b5\u03c4\u03c5\u03c7\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03bc\u03b5\u03c3\u03bf \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03bb\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03c6\u03ac\u03bb\u03bc\u03b1 0,030 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03b1\u03af\u03c9\u03bd \u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03ac\u03b4\u03c9\u03bd \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9 3,470 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 linear IPW: \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac 116 \u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ad\u03c2.<\/p>\n<p>\u0397 \u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03be\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 stratification \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae. \u0388\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 analyst \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03be\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bc\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c0\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9, \u03c0\u03cc\u03c3\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c3\u03b5 \u03ba\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5 \u03b6\u03ce\u03bd\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03ce\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf \u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03ba\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2. \u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf \u03ba\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03bf\u03c1\u03b8\u03cc, \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03c5\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03cd\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc business stakeholders.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"tessera-senaria\">\u03a4\u03ad\u03c3\u03c3\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b5\u03bd\u03ac\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1, \u03cc\u03c7\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03b7\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2<\/h2>\n<p>\u0397 \u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03af 400 Monte Carlo replications, 100 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03ad\u03c3\u03c3\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 data-generating processes: aligned step function, smooth gradient, misaligned step \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 polynomial relationship. \u03a3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03c1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 linear, polynomial, spline \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03cc\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 oracle IPW \u03bc\u03b5 stratification \u03c0\u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5, \u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03ac \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03bd\u03bd\u03ad\u03b1 strata.<\/p>\n<p>\u03a3\u03c4\u03bf aligned step, \u03c4\u03bf stratification \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c0\u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5 \u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03b4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03bc\u03b5\u03c3\u03bf \u03c3\u03c6\u03ac\u03bb\u03bc\u03b1 0,008 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03b1\u03af\u03c9\u03bd \u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03ac\u03b4\u03c9\u03bd, \u03b5\u03bd\u03ce \u03c4\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c6\u03b5\u03c1\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b1 IPW \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03b1\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03ac\u03b4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03ac. \u0391\u03ba\u03cc\u03bc\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf oracle IPW, \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae \u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 break, \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c6\u03ac\u03bb\u03bc\u03b1 6,061 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03b1\u03af\u03c9\u03bd \u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03ac\u03b4\u03c9\u03bd. \u038c\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03b4\u03cc\u03bd \u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae, \u03b7 \u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b3\u03bd\u03ce\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03bf\u03c1\u03c6\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 propensity model \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03af \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03bb\u03bb\u03ad\u03c7\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5.<\/p>\n<p>\u03a3\u03c4\u03bf smooth-gradient scenario, \u03c4\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf stratification \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03bc\u03b5\u03c3\u03bf \u03c3\u03c6\u03ac\u03bb\u03bc\u03b1 1,350 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03b1\u03af\u03c9\u03bd \u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03ac\u03b4\u03c9\u03bd \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9 3,872 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf spline IPW. \u03a3\u03c4\u03bf misaligned step, \u03c4\u03bf stratification \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b1\u03c6\u03ce\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ce\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf. \u038c\u03bc\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf polynomial scenario \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bf \u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03b7\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2: \u03c4\u03bf spline IPW \u03c0\u03b5\u03c4\u03c5\u03c7\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 0,007 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03b1\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03ac\u03b4\u03b5\u03c2, \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9 0,013 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bd\u03bd\u03ad\u03b1 strata. \u038c\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03bf\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c7\u03ad\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03bc\u03b1\u03bb\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b7 \u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2, \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c5\u03ad\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03c4\u03bf continuous model \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03c8\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03bc\u03c0\u03c5\u03bb\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c7\u03bf\u03bd\u03b4\u03c1\u03bf\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03c2 \u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03b4\u03b5\u03c2.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"diagnostics-epilogi-methodou\">\u03a4\u03b1 diagnostics \u03c0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b7\u03b3\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bc\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2<\/h2>\n<p>\u03a4\u03bf paper \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03ad\u03b8\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03af\u03bc\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7. \u03a3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf ground truth, \u03ac\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03b6\u03cc\u03bc\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c3\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1: covariate balance, \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae \u03b2\u03b1\u03c1\u03ce\u03bd, effective sample size \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 overlap \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd propensity scores.<\/p>\n<p>\u0391\u03bd \u03b7 SMD \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03cd \u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc 0,1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03b8\u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7, \u03b1\u03bd \u03bb\u03af\u03b3\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b2\u03ac\u03c1\u03b7 \u03ae \u03b1\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf ESS \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03c1\u03ad\u03b5\u03b9, \u03c4\u03bf \u00ab\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03c1\u03b8\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u00bb \u03bd\u03bf\u03cd\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03bd\u03ac \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf executive dashboard. \u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b1 diagnostics \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03ba\u03bd\u03cd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03c3\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae \u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae, \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c0\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03bc\u03ad\u03b8\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b5\u03cd\u03b8\u03c1\u03b1\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 extrapolation.<\/p>\n<p>\u0393\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03b4\u03b1 BI, \u03b7 \u03c3\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae \u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf\u03b4\u03b5\u03cd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ba\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5 weighted KPI \u03bc\u03b5 coverage report. \u03a0\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf catalog \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7; \u03a0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b1 segments \u03b5\u03ba\u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c9\u03c0\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03bb\u03ac\u03c7\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1; \u03a0\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bf \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03ba\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc trimming; \u03a0\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u03bf \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf ESS \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c7\u03ad\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc sample; \u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03b3\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03ce\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2, \u03cc\u03c7\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bc\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 paper.<\/p>\n<div class=\"td-decision-band\">\n<p class=\"td-decision-kicker\">\u039a\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03c6\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2<\/p>\n<p class=\"td-decision-title\">\u039c\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03b3\u03ba\u03c1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5 weighted KPI \u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03c2 coverage, balance \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 sensitivity report<\/p>\n<p>\u03a4\u03bf business dashboard \u03c0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bc\u03c6\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b1\u03b6\u03af \u03c4\u03bf \u03b1\u03c6\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1, \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03c1\u03b8\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03af\u03bc\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7, \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03c8\u03b7 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac segment, \u03c4\u03bf SMD, \u03c4\u03bf ESS \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c5\u03b1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b8\u03b7\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b5 trimming \u03ae \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac strata. \u0391\u03bd \u03b7 overlap \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2, \u03b7 \u03c3\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03ae \u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c7\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b9\u03bf \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03bf \u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03bf.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<h2 id=\"ecommerce-pricing-marketing\">\u03a4\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 e-commerce, pricing \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 marketing analytics<\/h2>\n<p>\u03a3\u03c4\u03bf pricing, \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 panel \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03c5\u03c1\u03af\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc hero products \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03ac \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 niche \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03b3\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b5\u03c2. \u03a3\u03c4\u03bf assortment, \u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03c6\u03b9\u03bb\u03ce\u03bd SKUs \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03ba\u03c5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03b5\u03af \u03c4\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf \u03ce\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03ba\u03c1\u03cd\u03b2\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b2\u03bb\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ae margin \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf long tail. \u03a3\u03c4\u03bf marketing, \u03c4\u03b1 segments \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c5\u03c8\u03b7\u03bb\u03ae \u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b4\u03af\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 events \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b4\u03c5\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03b1 attribution \u03ae propensity.<\/p>\n<p>\u0397 \u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03ba\u03bd\u03cd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03ba\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5 retail dataset \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae 90% \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 1% \u03ae \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf stratification \u03b8\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf. \u03a0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd \u03c4\u03c1\u03cc\u03c0\u03bf \u03c3\u03ba\u03ad\u03c8\u03b7\u03c2: \u03c0\u03c1\u03ce\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03c6\u03b7\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03ae\u03c2, \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac \u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03be\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd overlap \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03c4\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03bb\u03b5\u03be\u03b5 estimator. \u0397 \u03bc\u03ad\u03b8\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b9\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c4\u03c1\u03cc\u03c0\u03bf \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03bf \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03ae\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1. \u0397 \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b4\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5 <a href=\"https:\/\/twodots.gr\/analytics-platforms-data-decisions\/\">analytics platforms \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c6\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 growth<\/a> \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ac\u03bc\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7: \u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 visualization \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03c1\u03b8\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b7 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c9\u03c0\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc input.<\/p>\n<p>\u039c\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03b7 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae \u03ba\u03af\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b5\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03bc\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03bb\u03b7\u03c8\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 long tail. \u0391\u03bd\u03c4\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c0\u03b1\u03b8\u03b5\u03af\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03ba\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03c1\u03b8\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03b4\u03cc\u03bd \u03bc\u03b7\u03b4\u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03ba\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03c8\u03b7, \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b5\u03bd\u03b4\u03cd\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03ae \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b6\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2. \u0397 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac \u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf data collection.<\/p>\n<p>\u03a3\u03c4\u03b1 e-shop, \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03b7 \u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03ae \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b4\u03ad\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 product feeds, availability, category mapping \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 event taxonomy. \u0397 <a href=\"https:\/\/twodots.gr\/ai-automation-dokimes-nvh-ligoteroi-michanikoi\/\">AI \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf e-shop<\/a> \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03af\u03b4\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03bd\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1, \u03b5\u03bd\u03ce \u03b7 <a href=\"https:\/\/twodots.gr\/crm-administration-revenue-growth\/\">\u03c3\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 CRM<\/a> \u03bc\u03b5\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03bf bias \u03c3\u03b5 customer segments \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 campaign reporting.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"periorismoi-prosomoiosis\">\u039f\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03af \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03bc\u03bf\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2<\/h2>\n<p>\u03a4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ad\u03c1\u03c7\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03ad\u03c3\u03c3\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03ae\u03c2. \u03a4\u03bf \u03c0\u03bb\u03b5\u03bf\u03bd\u03ad\u03ba\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf ground truth \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u00b7 \u03bf \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03b3\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b2\u03bb\u03b7\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2, \u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bb\u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b4\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2, missingness, \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03b3\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b7 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2.<\/p>\n<p>\u03a4\u03bf rank \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 covariate \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03bc\u03bf\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2. \u03a3\u03b5 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c3\u03cd\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03ac\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 category, brand, seasonality, geography, channel, stock availability \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1 \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac. \u039f \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03ad\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 overlap, matching \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 entropy weights \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b2\u03b9\u03b2\u03bb\u03b9\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03af\u03b1, \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03b7 \u03ba\u03cd\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c3\u03cd\u03b3\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b5\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03ad\u03c2 IPW \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 stratification.<\/p>\n<p>\u0386\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf paper \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b3\u03ae \u00ab\u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b7\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5 strata\u00bb. \u0395\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03bc\u03b1\u03b8\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03ba\u03bf\u03bc\u03c8\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 weighting \u03bc\u03b5\u03b8\u03cc\u03b4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ad\u03bb\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c8\u03b7 overlap. \u0397 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03ae estimator \u03c7\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac, sensitivity analysis \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03bd\u03ce\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd \u03c3\u03c5\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03ae\u03c2.<\/p>\n<div class=\"td-note\">\n<p class=\"td-note-title\">\u03a4\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b5\u03af<\/p>\n<p>\u03a4\u03b1 90% \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 1%, \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 2% \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 10% \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b5\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03cc\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 rank \u03b1\u03bd\u03ae\u03ba\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf simulation design. \u0394\u03b5\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd benchmark \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 \u03bf\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03be\u03b7 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c0\u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5 strata \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03c3\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03ae \u03c3\u03b5 \u03ba\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5 catalog.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<h2 id=\"asfalestero-workflow\">\u0388\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03ad\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf workflow \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 retail intelligence<\/h2>\n<p>\u039e\u03b5\u03ba\u03af\u03bd\u03b1 \u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03b8\u03c5\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b8\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03c8\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2. \u039f\u03bb\u03cc\u03ba\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf catalog, \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03ac SKUs, \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b5\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03b3\u03bf\u03c1\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ae \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ca\u03cc\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b8\u03ad\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf stock; \u03a3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1, \u03c3\u03cd\u03b3\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03bd\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03b8\u03c5\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b7\u03c1\u03b5\u03ac\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf outcome.<\/p>\n<p>\u0388\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03be\u03b5 overlap \u03c0\u03c1\u03b9\u03bd \u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03cc\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b2\u03ac\u03c1\u03b7. \u0391\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c7\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03b4\u03cc\u03bd \u03bc\u03b7\u03b4\u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03b9\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03ae\u03c2, \u03b4\u03ae\u03bb\u03c9\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc, \u03b1\u03cd\u03be\u03b7\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03ae \u03ae \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03cc\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf estimand \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03b8\u03c5\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ba\u03ae \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b9\u03be\u03b7. \u03a3\u03cd\u03b3\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03bd\u03b5 IPW, stratification \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd unadjusted baseline. \u0394\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03c3\u03af\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b1\u03b6\u03af balance, ESS, weight distribution \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 sensitivity \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5.<\/p>\n<div class=\"td-step-list\">\n<p class=\"td-step-list-title\">\u0395\u03c0\u03c4\u03ac \u03b2\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03cc\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf retail intelligence<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><span class=\"td-step-kicker\">Population<\/span><strong>\u039f\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03b2\u03ae \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03b8\u03c5\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 KPI<\/strong>\n<p>\u039e\u03b5\u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03b1\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03b1\u03bd \u03bf \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03ba\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac \u03cc\u03bb\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf catalog, \u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03ac SKUs, \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b8\u03ad\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf stock, \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b5\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ae \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03b3\u03bf\u03c1\u03ad\u03c2.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li><span class=\"td-step-kicker\">Coverage<\/span><strong>\u039c\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03ba\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03c8\u03b7 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac \u03b5\u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc segment<\/strong>\n<p>\u03a3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03c1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5 head, middle \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 long tail \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ca\u03cc\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1, \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03b3\u03ad\u03c2, \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03b3\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b5\u03c2, brands, \u03b3\u03b5\u03c9\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03af\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li><span class=\"td-step-kicker\">Selection<\/span><strong>\u03a7\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03ae\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03af \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03c0\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1<\/strong>\n<p>\u039a\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03c8\u03c4\u03b5 \u03b1\u03bd \u03b7 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03ae \u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c0\u03c9\u03bb\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2, availability, feed quality, campaign exposure \u03ae \u03c4\u03b5\u03c7\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 tracking.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li><span class=\"td-step-kicker\">Overlap<\/span><strong>\u0395\u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03be\u03c4\u03b5 \u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03ae \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b9\u03be\u03b7 \u03c0\u03c1\u03b9\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf IPW<\/strong>\n<p>\u0394\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae propensity scores \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 segments \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03b4\u03cc\u03bd \u03bc\u03b7\u03b4\u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03b9\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li><span class=\"td-step-kicker\">Compare<\/span><strong>\u03a3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03c1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c6\u03b5\u03bb\u03ae \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03bf, IPW \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 stratification<\/strong>\n<p>\u039c\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5 \u03bc\u03af\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03c1\u03b8\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae \u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03c2 baseline \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03be\u03b7\u03b3\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c0\u03ce\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b2\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 strata \u03ae \u03c4\u03bf trimming.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li><span class=\"td-step-kicker\">Diagnose<\/span><strong>\u0394\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03c3\u03b9\u03b5\u03cd\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 SMD, ESS \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 weight distribution<\/strong>\n<p>\u03a4\u03b1 diagnostics \u03c0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf\u03b4\u03b5\u03cd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf KPI \u03ce\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03af\u03ba\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b2\u03bb\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd \u03b7 \u03c6\u03b1\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03af\u03b2\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bb\u03af\u03b3\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03b8\u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li><span class=\"td-step-kicker\">Collect<\/span><strong>\u0392\u03b5\u03bb\u03c4\u03b9\u03ce\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03ae \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf long tail<\/strong>\n<p>\u038c\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03b7 overlap \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03c5\u03b3\u03c7\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9, \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b8\u03ad\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03b5\u03c5\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03bb\u03b7\u03c8\u03af\u03b1, \u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03c1\u03b8\u03ce\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 feeds \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 tracking \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03b9\u03bd \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c6\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u03a4\u03bf \u03c0\u03b9\u03bf \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03ad\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03af\u03ba\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bb\u03cc: \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03b2\u03ad\u03c2 dashboard \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03b3\u03ba\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c9\u03c0\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc dashboard. \u038c\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf long tail \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03b4\u03cc\u03bd \u03b1\u03cc\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf, \u03ba\u03b1\u03bc\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b5\u03c7\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b4\u03b9\u03cc\u03c1\u03b8\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c9\u03c0\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c9\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b1\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bb\u03cd\u03c3\u03b7. \u0397 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03ae \u03bf\u03bc\u03b1\u03b4\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7, \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03ae \u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b9\u03bf \u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03cc\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03cd\u03c0\u03bb\u03bf\u03ba\u03bf \u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03bf \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c0\u03b1\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03ae\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5.<\/p>\n<section class=\"td-service-cta\">\n<div class=\"td-service-cta-content\">\n<p class=\"td-service-cta-eyebrow\">\u0418\u0437\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0435\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0435\u043d \u043c\u0430\u0433\u0430\u0437\u0438\u043d<\/p>\n<p class=\"td-service-cta-title\">\u03a3\u03c7\u03b5\u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 e-shop \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03ac \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf long tail, \u03cc\u03c7\u03b9 \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03c4\u03b1 best sellers<\/p>\n<p>\u0397 TWO DOTS \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b4\u03ad\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03b9\u03c4\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03bf\u03c5, product feeds, analytics \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ac dashboards \u03ce\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c6\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 pricing, assortment \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 marketing \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03b1\u03c1\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03be\u03b9\u03bc\u03b7 \u03ba\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03c8\u03b7.<\/p>\n<div class=\"td-service-cta-actions\"><a class=\"td-service-cta-button\" href=\"https:\/\/twodots.gr\/kataskevi-eshop\/\">\u0394\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u039a\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03ae E-Shop<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<section id=\"sychnes-erotiseis\" class=\"td-faq-section\">\n<div class=\"td-faq\">\n<p class=\"td-faq-heading\">\u0427\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438 \u0432\u044a\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0438<\/p>\n<details class=\"td-faq-item\">\n<summary class=\"td-faq-title\">\u03a4\u03b9 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 selection bias \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf retail intelligence;<\/summary>\n<div class=\"td-faq-content\">\n<p>\u0395\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03ad\u03b2\u03bb\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ba\u03cd\u03c0\u03c4\u03b5\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ca\u03cc\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03b8\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03b8\u03c5\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc. \u0391\u03bd \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03c6\u03b9\u03bb\u03ae SKUs \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03ba\u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c9\u03c0\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9, \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03ba\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03c6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03ba\u03c5\u03c1\u03af\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ac \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c7\u03b9 \u03cc\u03bb\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf catalog.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details class=\"td-faq-item\">\n<summary class=\"td-faq-title\">\u03a4\u03b9 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf Inverse Probability Weighting;<\/summary>\n<div class=\"td-faq-content\">\n<p>\u0395\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03ad\u03b8\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf \u03b2\u03ac\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03ce\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c0\u03b9\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03ae\u03c2, \u03ce\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b5\u03b3\u03b3\u03af\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03b8\u03c5\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details class=\"td-faq-item\">\n<summary class=\"td-faq-title\">\u0393\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03af \u03c4\u03bf IPW \u03b4\u03c5\u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03b5\u03cd\u03c4\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c4\u03b7;<\/summary>\n<div class=\"td-faq-content\">\n<p>\u0395\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03ae \u03bf\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b9\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03b8\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ae\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd 90% \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf head \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 1% \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf long tail. \u0397 \u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03af\u03b1 \u03ad\u03bb\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c8\u03b7 overlap \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b2\u03af\u03b1\u03b6\u03b5 \u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd positivity assumption \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03bf\u03cd\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03cd \u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03af\u03b1 \u03b2\u03ac\u03c1\u03b7.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details class=\"td-faq-item\">\n<summary class=\"td-faq-title\">\u03a4\u03b9 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf effective sample size;<\/summary>\n<div class=\"td-faq-content\">\n<p>\u0395\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03b8\u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7. \u038c\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03bb\u03af\u03b3\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03ba\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b2\u03ac\u03c1\u03b7, \u03c4\u03bf ESS \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03cd \u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc sample.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details class=\"td-faq-item\">\n<summary class=\"td-faq-title\">\u039a\u03ad\u03c1\u03b4\u03b9\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf stratification;<\/summary>\n<div class=\"td-faq-content\">\n<p>\u038c\u03c7\u03b9. \u0389\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c4\u03c1\u03af\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03ad\u03c3\u03c3\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b5\u03bd\u03ac\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1. \u03a3\u03c4\u03bf \u03bf\u03bc\u03b1\u03bb\u03cc polynomial scenario, \u03c4\u03bf spline IPW \u03b5\u03af\u03c7\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03bc\u03b5\u03c3\u03bf \u03c3\u03c6\u03ac\u03bb\u03bc\u03b1, 0,007 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9 0,013 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03b1\u03af\u03c9\u03bd \u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03ac\u03b4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bd\u03bd\u03ad\u03b1 strata.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details class=\"td-faq-item\">\n<summary class=\"td-faq-title\">\u03a0\u03cc\u03c3\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03bc\u03bf\u03b9\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03ad\u03b3\u03b9\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd;<\/summary>\n<div class=\"td-faq-content\">\n<p>\u0397 robustness \u03c3\u03cd\u03b3\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bb\u03ac\u03bc\u03b2\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5 400 Monte Carlo replications, 100 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03ad\u03c3\u03c3\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b5\u03bd\u03ac\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1. \u03a4\u03bf baseline \u03b5\u03be\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 1.000 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03ae\u03c8\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 bias, variance \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 MSE.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details class=\"td-faq-item\">\n<summary class=\"td-faq-title\">\u039c\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03c5\u03b8\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1;<\/summary>\n<div class=\"td-faq-content\">\n<p>\u038c\u03c7\u03b9 \u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03c2 \u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf. \u03a0\u03c1\u03cc\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 simulation study. \u039f\u03b9 \u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03b4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03ae\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03ae\u03c2, covariates \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 overlap \u03c0\u03c1\u03b9\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03bb\u03ad\u03be\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03bc\u03ad\u03b8\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details class=\"td-faq-item\">\n<summary class=\"td-faq-title\">\u03a0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03c1\u03ce\u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b2\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1;<\/summary>\n<div class=\"td-faq-content\">\n<p>\u039d\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03b7 \u03ba\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03c8\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03b8\u03bf\u03cd\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 sample \u03bc\u03b5 \u03bf\u03bb\u03cc\u03ba\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03b5\u03c5\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03b8\u03c5\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03c7\u03b8\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd balance, propensity overlap, \u03b2\u03ac\u03c1\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 ESS \u03c0\u03c1\u03b9\u03bd \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b7\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03c1\u03b8\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 KPI.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<div class=\"td-source-list\">\n<p id=\"piges\" class=\"td-source-list-title\">\u0418\u0437\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0438<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2608.26156\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Spandan Ghose Chowdhury, Selection Bias Correction in Retail Intelligence<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5220\/0014911900004091\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">DATA 2026 \/ SCITEPRESS, \u03ad\u03ba\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03b4\u03c1\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 DOI \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/bimj.202300156\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Matsouaka \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 Zhou, Causal inference in the absence of positivity: the role of overlap weights<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u038c\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 retail dashboard \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03ba\u03c5\u03c1\u03af\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03c6\u03b9\u03bb\u03ae \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ca\u03cc\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1, \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03b5\u03b2\u03bb\u03ae \u03b5\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03bd\u03b1. \u0394\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c0\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5 \u03b2\u03bf\u03b7\u03b8\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd IPW \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 stratification \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b1 diagnostics \u03c7\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03ac\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":113402,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_gspb_post_css":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[21607],"tags":[9528,18400,3546,21608,21609],"class_list":["post-104834","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-data-analytics","tag-business-intelligence","tag-data-science","tag-e-commerce-2","tag-retail-analytics","tag-selection-bias"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/twodots.gr\/bg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/104834","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/twodots.gr\/bg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/twodots.gr\/bg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/twodots.gr\/bg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/twodots.gr\/bg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=104834"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/twodots.gr\/bg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/104834\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/twodots.gr\/bg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/113402"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/twodots.gr\/bg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=104834"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/twodots.gr\/bg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=104834"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/twodots.gr\/bg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=104834"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}