{"id":86970,"date":"2026-07-27T16:42:06","date_gmt":"2026-07-27T13:42:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/twodots.gr\/?p=86970"},"modified":"2026-07-27T16:42:08","modified_gmt":"2026-07-27T13:42:08","slug":"lotapo-ai-agents-anazitisi-credit-assignment","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/twodots.gr\/bg\/lotapo-ai-agents-anazitisi-credit-assignment\/","title":{"rendered":"LOTAPO: \u03c0\u03ce\u03c2 \u03bf\u03b9 AI agents \u03bc\u03b1\u03b8\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03b6\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b2\u03bf\u03ae\u03b8\u03b7\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"td-article-lede\">\n<p><strong>\u03a4\u03bf LOTAPO \u03b5\u03ba\u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03b4\u03b5\u03cd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd AI agent \u03bd\u03b1 \u03be\u03b5\u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03bc\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03b6\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b2\u03bf\u03ae\u03b8\u03b7\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ae\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c4\u03c4\u03ae \u03ae \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b6\u03ae\u03bc\u03b9\u03b1.<\/strong> \u0391\u03bd\u03c4\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b2\u03c1\u03b1\u03b2\u03b5\u03cd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bf\u03bb\u03cc\u03ba\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03c1\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae \u03b5\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf \u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b1\u03af\u03bf \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03ae\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03c3\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc, \u03b1\u03c6\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03b4\u03c1\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 search turn, \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03cc\u03bb\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b2\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03ac \u03c0\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03c0\u03b9\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2.<\/p>\n<p>\u0393\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2, \u03c4\u03bf \u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03bc\u03ae\u03bd\u03c5\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03ad\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf \u03b5\u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03bf. \u0395\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 agent \u03c7\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03be\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1: \u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b7\u03b3\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b7\u03c3\u03b5, \u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03bb\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd \u03b1\u03be\u03af\u03b1, \u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b2\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03cd\u03be\u03b7\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd \u03ba\u03cc\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03c2 \u03cc\u03c6\u03b5\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03ce\u03c0\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03b9\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"td-article-note\">\n<p><strong>\u03a3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ad\u03ba\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2:<\/strong> \u03c4\u03bf \u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc draft \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ce\u03c4\u03b7 \u03ad\u03ba\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf \u03cc\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b1 LAPO. \u0397 \u03c4\u03c1\u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b1 \u03ad\u03ba\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b7 arXiv v2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 16\u03b7\u03c2 \u0399\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 2026 \u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03ad\u03b8\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf LOTAPO \u2014 Leave-One-Turn Attribution for Policy Optimization \u2014 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae\u03bd \u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03c4\u03bf \u03ac\u03c1\u03b8\u03c1\u03bf.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"td-article-toc\">\n<div class=\"td-toc-title\">\u03a0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b5\u03c7\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b1<\/div>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"#ti-einai-lotapo\">\u03a4\u03b9 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf LOTAPO \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03b2\u03bb\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 \u03bb\u03cd\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#leave-one-turn-attribution\">\u03a0\u03ce\u03c2 \u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03af \u03c4\u03bf leave-one-turn attribution<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#anadromiki-enanti-amesis-apodosis\">\u0391\u03bd\u03b1\u03b4\u03c1\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9 \u03ac\u03bc\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#sign-consistency-gating\">\u03a4\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5\u03cd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf sign-consistency gating<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#lotapo-grpo\">\u03a0\u03ce\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b4\u03ad\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf GRPO<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#peirama-epta-datasets\">\u03a4\u03bf \u03c0\u03b5\u03af\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03ac datasets<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#apotelesmata-ablations\">\u0391\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 ablations<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#kostos-oria\">\u039a\u03cc\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2, \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03af \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c3\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03ba\u03bd\u03cd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#business-ai-agents\">\u03a4\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 AI agents<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#exi-elegchoi-agent-search\">\u0388\u03be\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c1\u03bf\u03ae agent<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#praktiko-symperasma\">\u03a4\u03bf \u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03ad\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<h2 id=\"ti-einai-lotapo\">\u03a4\u03b9 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf LOTAPO \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03b2\u03bb\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 \u03bb\u03cd\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9<\/h2>\n<p>\u03a3\u03b5 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 multi-turn search workflow, \u03c4\u03bf \u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03bf \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bb\u03ce\u03c2 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c1\u03ce\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03ac. \u0394\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 query, \u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03c0\u03ac\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1, \u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b7\u03bd\u03b5\u03cd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1, \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c6\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd \u03c7\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bd\u03ad\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03b6\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b8\u03ad\u03c4\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7. \u0397 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03c5\u03c7\u03af\u03b1 \u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bb\u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03ce\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2: \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ce\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03bf \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03ba\u03c4\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u03be\u03af\u03b1 \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b4\u03c5\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03af \u03bc\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b1.<\/p>\n<p>\u0397 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bb\u03ae \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03bc\u03bf\u03b9\u03b2\u03ae \u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03be\u03b5\u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf turn \u03ae\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf, \u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03ad\u03bb\u03b1\u03b2\u03b5 \u03cc\u03c3\u03b1 \u03ae\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03ae\u03b4\u03b7 \u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf \u03ad\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03b5\u03c8\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bb\u03ac\u03b8\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5\u03cd\u03b8\u03c5\u03bd\u03c3\u03b7. \u039c\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae \u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03ad\u03c4\u03c3\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03c7\u03cd\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03bc\u03b5\u03c3\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2. \u0391\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03b1, \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bb\u03b1\u03bd\u03b8\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03c9\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 turn \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03af\u03c7\u03b5 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03ba\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03bf \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ae\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac \u03b1\u03c1\u03b3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1.<\/p>\n<p>\u03a4\u03bf LOTAPO \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c9\u03c0\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf credit-assignment \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03b2\u03bb\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 process supervision \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b3\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c4\u03c1\u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b1 policy. \u0394\u03b5\u03bd \u03c7\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03be\u03b5\u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc reward model, teacher, verifier \u03ae LLM-as-a-Judge. \u03a7\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03cc\u03bc\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae \u03c3\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae \u03b1\u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7, \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 trajectory \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c0\u03bb\u03ad\u03bf\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bb\u03ae\u03c1\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 counterfactual contexts.<\/p>\n<p>\u0397 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03b4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 <a href=\"https:\/\/twodots.gr\/no-code-ai-ergaleia-rag-agents-workflows\/\">RAG, agents \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 workflows<\/a>. \u03a4\u03bf \u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc output \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c0\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf \u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2\u00b7 \u03b7 \u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b5\u03bd\u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03bc\u03b5\u03c3\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03b6\u03b7\u03c4\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03b7\u03b3\u03ce\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03be\u03b5\u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c0\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"leave-one-turn-attribution\">\u03a0\u03ce\u03c2 \u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03af \u03c4\u03bf leave-one-turn attribution<\/h2>\n<p>\u0391\u03c6\u03bf\u03cd \u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03ba\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03c9\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 trajectory, \u03c4\u03bf LOTAPO \u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b5\u03af \u03ba\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5 \u03ad\u03b3\u03ba\u03c5\u03c1\u03bf search turn. \u0391\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac \u03bf\u03bb\u03cc\u03ba\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03b6\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03bf retrieval observation \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03cc \u03c3\u03cd\u03bc\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf <code>[DELETE]<\/code>. \u038c\u03bb\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b7\u03b3\u03bf\u03cd\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bb\u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b4\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03ac.<\/p>\n<p>\u03a3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03c1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03b7 log-likelihood \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 gold answer \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03bb\u03ae\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 context \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03b7 log-likelihood \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf context \u03cc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b5\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf turn. \u0397 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac \u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 Answer-Likelihood Gain. \u0397 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c4\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b3\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 tokens \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 gold answer \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c9\u03c2 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03bf\u03c2 \u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2, \u03ce\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03bc\u03ae\u03ba\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b7\u03c1\u03b5\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bb\u03b9\u03b3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03bb\u03af\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1.<\/p>\n<p>\u0398\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc gain \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b1\u03c6\u03b1\u03af\u03c1\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 turn \u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03b9\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2: \u03c4\u03bf turn \u03b5\u03af\u03c7\u03b5 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b5\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf context \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b5\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 policy. \u0391\u03c1\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc gain \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b1\u03c6\u03b1\u03af\u03c1\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03cd\u03be\u03b7\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03b9\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2, \u03ac\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf turn \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03ae\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b6\u03ae\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf. \u03a4\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae \u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03ac \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03bc\u03b7\u03b4\u03ad\u03bd \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03c7\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03ae \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7.<\/p>\n<p>\u03a4\u03bf \u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc final-answer turn \u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf context \u03b2\u03b1\u03b8\u03bc\u03bf\u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2. \u0388\u03c4\u03c3\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c3\u03ba\u03ad\u03c8\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03ae\u03b4\u03b7 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c7\u03b8\u03b5\u03af\u03c3\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c1\u03c1\u03ad\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c4\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7. \u0397 \u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b9\u03be\u03b7 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b5\u03af\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd \u03bf\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b7\u03b3\u03bf\u03cd\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 search interactions.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"anadromiki-enanti-amesis-apodosis\">\u0391\u03bd\u03b1\u03b4\u03c1\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9 \u03ac\u03bc\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2<\/h2>\n<p>\u039c\u03b9\u03b1 forward \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03ad\u03b3\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03c1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03b9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03c9\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b8\u03ae\u03ba\u03b7 \u03b5\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 turn. \u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03ae, \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c7\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1. \u03a3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03b6\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7, \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03cd\u03c1\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 \u03af\u03c3\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u03b2\u03b5\u03b2\u03b1\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c1\u03b3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03c1\u03ad\u03c8\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03b1\u03c6\u03ae\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c4\u03ae\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03ae \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b4\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b4\u03cd\u03bf \u03c0\u03b7\u03b3\u03ce\u03bd.<\/p>\n<div class=\"td-comparison\">\n<p class=\"td-comparison-title\">\u0394\u03cd\u03bf \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03af \u03c4\u03c1\u03cc\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03be\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 search turn<\/p>\n<div class=\"td-comparison-cards td-comparison-cards--horizontal\">\n<div class=\"td-comparison-grid td-comparison-grid--two\">\n<div class=\"td-platform-card\">\n<h3>Forward information gain<\/h3>\n<p>\u0395\u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03b3\u03ae \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03b9\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03c9\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf turn. \u0395\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bc\u03ad\u03c4\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b2\u03bb\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03ba\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03b1\u03be\u03af\u03b1 \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7.<\/p>\n<div class=\"td-badge-row\"><span class=\"td-badge\">\u0386\u03bc\u03b5\u03c3\u03bf effect<\/span><span class=\"td-badge\">Prefix context<\/span><span class=\"td-badge\">\u03a4\u03bf\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc signal<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"td-platform-card td-platform-card--navy\">\n<h3>Backward LOTAPO<\/h3>\n<p>\u0391\u03c6\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03c4\u03bf turn \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03ba\u03bb\u03ae\u03c1\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 trajectory \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03cc\u03bb\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b1 downstream interactions. \u0388\u03c4\u03c3\u03b9 \u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b5\u03af \u03b1\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf \u03b2\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b9\u03be\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03b6\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2.<\/p>\n<div class=\"td-badge-row\"><span class=\"td-badge\">\u0391\u03bd\u03b1\u03b4\u03c1\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc effect<\/span><span class=\"td-badge\">Full context<\/span><span class=\"td-badge\">Cross-turn \u03b1\u03be\u03af\u03b1<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u03a4\u03bf paper \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b5\u03c1\u03ce\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03ba\u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 <em>Green Eggs and Ham<\/em>. \u0388\u03bd\u03b1 turn \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf \u03ba\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03bf \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd Sam-I-Am, \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03b7 forward \u03bc\u03ad\u03c4\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c1\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b7. \u038c\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf \u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf turn \u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03bb\u03ae\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf context, \u03c4\u03bf LOTAPO \u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03c3\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac, \u03b5\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03ae \u03b7 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b1 \u03b2\u03bf\u03ae\u03b8\u03b7\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd.<\/p>\n<p>\u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03ba\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5 \u03c0\u03b1\u03bb\u03b9\u03cc query \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf. \u03a3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 query \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03ba\u03c1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03ba\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ac\u03bc\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03b3\u03ae \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7, \u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03bf \u03c1\u03cc\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b5\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03bc\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b5\u03c0\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf \u03b2\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"sign-consistency-gating\">\u03a4\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5\u03cd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf sign-consistency gating<\/h2>\n<p>\u03a4\u03b1 raw attribution scores \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c3\u03b5 \u03ba\u03bb\u03af\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03cd \u03b5\u03c1\u03c9\u03c4\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 trajectories. \u03a4\u03bf LOTAPO \u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03cc\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 robust scaling \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b2\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03bc\u03b5\u03c3\u03bf \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bc\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b7\u03b4\u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03bb\u03c5\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd gains, \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03c0\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03cc\u03c0\u03b9\u03bd \u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u03af \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03b4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd rollouts \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03c1\u03c9\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2.<\/p>\n<p>\u0397 \u03bf\u03bc\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03cc\u03bc\u03c9\u03c2 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac\u03be\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5\u03cd\u03b8\u03c5\u03bd\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 signal. \u0388\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c1\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc raw gain \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c6\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b5\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03ae \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03bf \u03cc\u03c1\u03bf \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03b4\u03b1\u03c2. \u0391\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf training \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd\u03c3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03c2 \u03c6\u03af\u03bb\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf, \u03b8\u03b1 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03c3\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b2\u03c1\u03b1\u03b2\u03b5\u03cd\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 turn \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf counterfactual test \u03ad\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03be\u03b5 \u03c9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c1\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc.<\/p>\n<p>\u03a4\u03bf sign-consistency gate \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03b7 process advantage \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf raw gain \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf normalized signal \u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b7\u03b4\u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5\u03cd\u03b8\u03c5\u03bd\u03c3\u03b7. \u0391\u03bd \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03c9\u03bd\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03ae \u03c4\u03bf raw attribution \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b7\u03b4\u03ad\u03bd, \u03b7 \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b7\u03b4\u03b5\u03bd\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9. \u03a3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b4\u03cd\u03bf \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2, raw attribution 0,000 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03ac\u03c0\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03b5 +0,550 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u22120,558\u00b7 \u03c4\u03bf gate \u03b1\u03c0\u03ad\u03ba\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c3\u03b5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b4\u03cd\u03bf \u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03b7\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2.<\/p>\n<div class=\"td-decision-band\">\n<p class=\"td-decision-label\">\u0393\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03af \u03c4\u03bf gate \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0397 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03b7 \u03b5\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 turn \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03b4\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5\u03cd\u03b8\u03c5\u03bd\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 counterfactual evidence.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u03a4\u03bf LOTAPO \u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03cd\u03b3\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03cd rollouts, \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b1\u03c6\u03ae\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf normalization \u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03ad\u03c8\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b7\u03b4\u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03ae \u03b1\u03c1\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03c3\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03bd\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<h2 id=\"lotapo-grpo\">\u03a0\u03ce\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b4\u03ad\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf GRPO<\/h2>\n<p>\u0397 \u03bc\u03ad\u03b8\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd trajectory-level \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03bc\u03bf\u03b9\u03b2\u03ae. \u0397 \u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 answer-level F1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5 rollouts \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5 prompt. \u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03b7 outcome advantage \u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03cc\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03cc\u03bb\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b1 policy-generated tokens.<\/p>\n<p>\u03a3\u03c4\u03b1 tokens \u03ba\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5 \u03ad\u03b3\u03ba\u03c5\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5 search turn \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03af\u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9, \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b2\u03ac\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03bb=0,5, \u03b7 gated process advantage \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b5\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 turn. \u03a4\u03b1 retrieval observations \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b2\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf policy loss. \u03a4\u03bf final-answer turn \u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd outcome advantage.<\/p>\n<p>\u0397 \u03b2\u03b5\u03bb\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b7 clipped surrogate objective \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 GRPO \u03bc\u03b1\u03b6\u03af \u03bc\u03b5 KL regularization. \u03a4\u03bf LOTAPO \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc optimizer\u00b7 \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03af\u03b4\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 tokens \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd search turns \u03c0\u03c1\u03b9\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03bd\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 policy.<\/p>\n<p>\u03a5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03bf scoring, \u03b5\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03ae \u03c7\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03ac\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf full context \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 leave-one-turn context \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ba\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5 \u03ad\u03b3\u03ba\u03c5\u03c1\u03bf turn. \u0397 \u03c5\u03bb\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf overhead \u03b2\u03ac\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03cc\u03bb\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b1 contexts \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf batch \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf full-context score \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b1 turns \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 trajectory.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"peirama-epta-datasets\">\u03a4\u03bf \u03c0\u03b5\u03af\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03ac datasets<\/h2>\n<p>\u0397 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae policy \u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ae\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf Qwen2.5-3B-Instruct. \u0397 \u03b5\u03ba\u03c0\u03b1\u03af\u03b4\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b7\u03c3\u03b5 Natural Questions, TriviaQA, HotpotQA \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 2WikiMultiHopQA, \u03bc\u03b5 20.000 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03ba\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5 dataset \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 80.000 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac. \u03a4\u03b1 MuSiQue, Bamboogle \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 PopQA \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ae\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03ba\u03c0\u03b1\u03af\u03b4\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03b7\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd out-of-domain \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac.<\/p>\n<p>\u038c\u03bb\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03bd\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03ad\u03b8\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03b9 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b7\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc corpus \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03b3\u03b3\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 Wikipedia \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 2018, E5 dense retriever \u03bc\u03b5 FAISS, \u03c4\u03c1\u03af\u03b1 passages \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03b6\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ad\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c1\u03af\u03b1 search turns. \u039f\u03b9 \u03bc\u03ad\u03b8\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03b9 reinforcement learning \u03b5\u03ba\u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03b4\u03b5\u03cd\u03c4\u03b7\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 200 optimization steps \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bf\u03ba\u03c4\u03ce NVIDIA A100, \u03bc\u03b5 global batch size 512 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5 rollouts \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac prompt.<\/p>\n<p>\u0397 \u03ba\u03cd\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 test metric \u03ae\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd exact match, \u03b5\u03bd\u03ce \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03ba\u03c0\u03b1\u03af\u03b4\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ae\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 answer-level F1. \u0397 \u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03ae \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae \u03b2\u03bf\u03b7\u03b8\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03cd\u03b3\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7, \u03b5\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03ae corpus, retriever \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 search budget \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03ac. \u0394\u03b5\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03cc\u03bc\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc benchmark \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc web search, \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03b1 \u03ae \u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 trajectories.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"apotelesmata-ablations\">\u0391\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 ablations<\/h2>\n<p>\u03a4\u03bf \u03c0\u03bb\u03ae\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 LOTAPO \u03c0\u03ad\u03c4\u03c5\u03c7\u03b5 macro-average exact match 0,326 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03ac datasets. \u0397 \u03b9\u03c3\u03c7\u03c5\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 outcome-reward baseline, Search-R1-instruct, \u03b5\u03af\u03c7\u03b5 0,263, \u03b5\u03bd\u03ce \u03b7 \u03c0\u03b9\u03bf \u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03bd\u03ae step-reward baseline, IGPO, \u03b5\u03af\u03c7\u03b5 0,273. \u0397 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf IGPO \u03ae\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd 0,053 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03bb\u03c5\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae \u03ae 19,4% \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b2\u03b5\u03bb\u03c4\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7, \u03c3\u03cd\u03bc\u03c6\u03c9\u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03b5\u03af\u03c2.<\/p>\n<div class=\"td-chart td-chart--metrics\">\n<div class=\"td-chart-head\">\n<p class=\"td-chart-title\">\u03a4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03ad\u03c3\u03c3\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03ad\u03b8\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 LOTAPO<\/p>\n<p class=\"td-chart-subtitle\">\u03a3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 arXiv v2. \u03a4\u03b1 scores \u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b5\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf experimental setup \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf overhead \u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b5\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf hardware \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 batching.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"td-chart-body\">\n<div class=\"td-metric-grid\">\n<div class=\"td-metric-card\"><span class=\"td-metric-value\">0,326 EM<\/span><span class=\"td-metric-label\">macro-average LOTAPO \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03ac datasets<\/span><span class=\"td-metric-note\">\u039a\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c0\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"td-metric-card\"><span class=\"td-metric-value\">+0,053<\/span><span class=\"td-metric-label\">\u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03bb\u03c5\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf IGPO<\/span><span class=\"td-metric-note\">0,326 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9 0,273<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"td-metric-card\"><span class=\"td-metric-value\">+19,4%<\/span><span class=\"td-metric-label\">\u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b2\u03b5\u03bb\u03c4\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9 IGPO<\/span><span class=\"td-metric-note\">\u03a5\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03ad\u03c9\u03bd<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"td-metric-card\"><span class=\"td-metric-value\">+3,7%<\/span><span class=\"td-metric-label\">\u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac training step \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9 Search-R1<\/span><span class=\"td-metric-note\">198 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9 191 \u03b4\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03bb\u03ad\u03c0\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u03a3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c1\u03af\u03b1 out-of-domain datasets, \u03bf \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03bf\u03c2 \u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 LOTAPO \u03ae\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd 0,233 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9 0,177 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 IGPO. \u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03c7\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b2\u03b5\u03bb\u03c4\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b5\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03c2, \u03cc\u03c7\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03be\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03af\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2.<\/p>\n<p>\u039f\u03b9 ablations \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b4\u03cd\u03bf \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03c2. \u03a4\u03bf IGPO \u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03c2 gating \u03b5\u03af\u03c7\u03b5 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03bf EM 0,273 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 gating 0,282. \u03a4\u03bf backward LOTAPO \u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03c2 gating \u03b5\u03af\u03c7\u03b5 0,285, \u03b5\u03bd\u03ce \u03bf \u03c0\u03bb\u03ae\u03c1\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b4\u03c5\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03ad\u03c6\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b5 0,326. \u0397 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03b2\u03b5\u03bb\u03c4\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03bc\u03c6\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b4\u03c5\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03b4\u03c1\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 sign-consistency gating.<\/p>\n<p>\u0397 \u03b5\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03ae\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03cd\u03c4\u03c9\u03c2 \u03bf\u03bc\u03bf\u03b9\u03cc\u03bc\u03bf\u03c1\u03c6\u03b7. \u03a3\u03c4\u03bf HotpotQA, \u03c4\u03bf LOTAPO \u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03c2 gating \u03b5\u03af\u03c7\u03b5 \u03b5\u03bb\u03b1\u03c6\u03c1\u03ce\u03c2 \u03c5\u03c8\u03b7\u03bb\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03bb\u03ae\u03c1\u03b7 \u03ad\u03ba\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b7. \u03a4\u03bf gate \u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03af \u03c9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2, \u03cc\u03c7\u03b9 \u03c9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03b3\u03b3\u03cd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03ba\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5 dataset \u03b8\u03b1 \u03b2\u03b5\u03bb\u03c4\u03b9\u03c9\u03b8\u03b5\u03af.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"kostos-oria\">\u039a\u03cc\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2, \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03af \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c3\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03ba\u03bd\u03cd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9<\/h2>\n<p>\u03a3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b5\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c5\u03bb\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7, \u03bf \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac training step \u03ae\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd 191 \u03b4\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03cc\u03bb\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 Search-R1, 196 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 IGPO \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 198 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 LOTAPO. \u03a4\u03bf LOTAPO \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03b5 7 \u03b4\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03cc\u03bb\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ae 3,7% \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9 Search-R1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 2 \u03b4\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03cc\u03bb\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9 IGPO. \u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 wall-clock \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bf\u03ba\u03c4\u03ce A100 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b5\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf batching, \u03cc\u03c7\u03b9 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c9\u03c1\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03b3\u03b3\u03cd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae.<\/p>\n<p>\u0391\u03c1\u03b3\u03ac \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03ba\u03c0\u03b1\u03af\u03b4\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7, \u03c4\u03bf F1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 LOTAPO \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf 0,57, \u03b5\u03bd\u03ce IGPO \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 Search-R1 \u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03ae\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf 0,47\u20130,48. \u039f\u03b9 validation \u03ba\u03b1\u03bc\u03c0\u03cd\u03bb\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ad\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03be\u03b1\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03b1\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b5\u03bf\u03bd\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 HotpotQA \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 2Wiki, \u03b5\u03bd\u03ce \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf TriviaQA \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ae\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2. \u039f\u03b9 \u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03b5\u03af\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03bc\u03c0\u03cd\u03bb\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03ba\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2, \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 overfitting.<\/p>\n<p>\u03a4\u03bf leave-one-turn score \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 counterfactual attribution \u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03ce\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf context \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c4\u03c1\u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b1 policy. \u0394\u03b5\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03af \u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c4\u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf causal effect. \u0397 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5 <code>[DELETE]<\/code> \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u03af \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bb\u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b4\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03ce\u03bd turns \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c6\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc\u03c7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf paper \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03be\u03b5\u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 placeholder \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 context.<\/p>\n<p>\u0397 \u03bc\u03ad\u03b8\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 gold answers \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b2\u03b1\u03b8\u03bc\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03b9\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2. \u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bb\u03b7 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 supervised \u03ae \u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03c7\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b1 training environments, \u03cc\u03c7\u03b9 \u03ac\u03bc\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bb\u03cd\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ba\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5 \u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03c4\u03cc production query \u03cc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae \u03c3\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae \u03b1\u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7. \u03a4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03ac\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03bf 3B, local retrieval, corpus Wikipedia 2018 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ad\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c1\u03af\u03b1 search turns.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"business-ai-agents\">\u03a4\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 AI agents<\/h2>\n<p>\u0397 \u03ac\u03bc\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03b3\u03ae \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b5\u03ba\u03c0\u03b1\u03af\u03b4\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 search agents \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c7\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 plugin \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 CRM, e-shop \u03ae marketing. \u03a9\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf, \u03b4\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03b1\u03c1\u03ae \u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03ae \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd: \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 agent \u03c0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03c1\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03b8\u03b7\u03c3\u03b5, \u03cc\u03c7\u03b9 \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03ba\u03b5\u03af\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf.<\/p>\n<p>\u03a3\u03b5 \u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd, \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03bf\u03c8\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b1\u03c1\u03ba\u03b5\u03af \u03b1\u03bd \u03c4\u03b1 queries \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03b4\u03cd\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b7\u03b3\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ae \u03bc\u03c0\u03ad\u03c1\u03b4\u03b5\u03c8\u03b1\u03bd \u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2. \u03a3\u03b5 e-commerce support, \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 agent \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b4\u03c5\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03ce\u03bd, \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ca\u03cc\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03b3\u03b5\u03bb\u03af\u03b1\u03c2. \u0397 \u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03b4\u03b1 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ba\u03bb\u03ae\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ad\u03ba\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03ba\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03bf, \u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bb\u03ce\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03ad\u03bb\u03b1\u03b2\u03b5 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ba\u03ac\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03b5 \u03bb\u03ac\u03b8\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7.<\/p>\n<p>\u03a3\u03b5 \u03c1\u03bf\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b4\u03ad\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd <a href=\"https:\/\/twodots.gr\/erp-epicheirisiaka-logismika\/\">ERP \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ac \u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac<\/a>, \u03b7 \u03b1\u03c6\u03b1\u03af\u03c1\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03bb\u03ae\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 API \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b9\u03c3\u03bf\u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03b5\u03af \u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5. \u039c\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b8\u03ad\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03c9\u03bd \u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03ae \u03bd\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac \u03b1\u03b4\u03cd\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1. \u03a4\u03bf counterfactual test \u03c0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03ad\u03b3\u03ba\u03c5\u03c1\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03c6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2.<\/p>\n<p>\u0397 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03b3\u03ba\u03b7 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 replayable traces \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b4\u03ad\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ac\u03bc\u03b5\u03c3\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b5\u03c1\u03ce\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 <a href=\"https:\/\/twodots.gr\/ai-agents-poios-ftaiei-otan-aftomatopoiisi-apotygchanei\/\">\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c5\u03b8\u03cd\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 AI \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03c5\u03b3\u03c7\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9<\/a>. \u0391\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03cd\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 \u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7, \u03b7 \u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03b4\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03be\u03b5\u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03c5\u03c7\u03af\u03b1 retrieval, \u03bb\u03ac\u03b8\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03bf, \u03ba\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ae \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc permission.<\/p>\n<div class=\"td-decision-band\">\n<p class=\"td-decision-label\">\u03a4\u03bf production \u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u039c\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae \u03b1\u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b1\u03c1\u03ba\u03b5\u03af \u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03c1\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03ae\u03c8\u03b9\u03bc\u03b7, \u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03c7\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b2\u03b9\u03ce\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03b7.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u03a4\u03bf \u03b5\u03bb\u03ac\u03c7\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf audit \u03c7\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 source provenance, tool-call logs, \u03ba\u03cc\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 latency \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac \u03b2\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1, \u03c3\u03b1\u03c6\u03ad\u03c2 success criterion, \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03ae fallback \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03ba\u03c4\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ba\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03ce\u03c0\u03b9\u03bd\u03b7 \u03ad\u03b3\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u03a3\u03b5 customer support, \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac KPIs \u03c0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b4\u03c5\u03ac\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7, \u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03af\u03b2\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1, \u03ba\u03cc\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2, escalation \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b7\u03b3\u03ce\u03bd. \u03a4\u03bf \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd <a href=\"https:\/\/twodots.gr\/cars24-ai-agents-exypiretisi-pelaton-leitourgiko-montelo\/\">AI agents \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03be\u03c5\u03c0\u03b7\u03c1\u03ad\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c0\u03b5\u03bb\u03b1\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd<\/a> \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03c7\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03af \u03c4\u03bf \u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03bf \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03bf AI.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"exi-elegchoi-agent-search\">\u0388\u03be\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c1\u03bf\u03ae agent<\/h2>\n<p>\u039c\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03c7\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03c8\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc training loop \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03cc\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03bc\u03ac\u03b8\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1. \u03a7\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03cc\u03bc\u03c9\u03c2 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 test set \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bc\u03ad\u03b8\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03be\u03b5\u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 outcome quality \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc process quality.<\/p>\n<div class=\"td-step-list\">\n<p class=\"td-step-list-title\">\u0388\u03be\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 search \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 tool-using agents<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><span class=\"td-step-kicker\">\u0392\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1 1<\/span><strong>\u039f\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03b9\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf test<\/strong>\n<p>\u0394\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03ae\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c9\u03c0\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac business scenarios \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae \u03b1\u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7, \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03c1\u03b5\u03c0\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b7\u03b3\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b1\u03c6\u03ae \u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae\u03c2. \u03a7\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03c2 gold set, \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03ae \u03b2\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 counterfactual \u03c3\u03cd\u03b3\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li><span class=\"td-step-kicker\">\u0392\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1 2<\/span><strong>\u039a\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03c8\u03c4\u03b5 \u03ba\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5 query, observation \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 tool call<\/strong>\n<p>\u039a\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03ae\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 timestamp, \u03c0\u03b7\u03b3\u03ae, parameters, \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1, \u03ba\u03cc\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 latency. \u03a4\u03bf trace \u03c0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c7\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5\u03cd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c7\u03c1\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c9\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03ae \u03b5\u03c5\u03b1\u03af\u03c3\u03b8\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li><span class=\"td-step-kicker\">\u0392\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1 3<\/span><strong>\u0394\u03b9\u03b1\u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 outcome \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc process metrics<\/strong>\n<p>\u039c\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03bf\u03c1\u03b8\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2, \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b7\u03b3\u03ce\u03bd, \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c4\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ba\u03bb\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2, \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03c5\u03c7\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 retrievals, unsupported claims \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li><span class=\"td-step-kicker\">\u0392\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1 4<\/span><strong>\u0394\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03c7\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c6\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03ad\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2<\/strong>\n<p>\u0391\u03c6\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03ad\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03ae \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b2\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac\u03be\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5 prompts, \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03ae retrieval budget. \u0391\u03bd \u03b7 \u03b5\u03c0\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc, \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 valid stub \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c5\u03b8\u03b1\u03af\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03ae.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li><span class=\"td-step-kicker\">\u0392\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1 5<\/span><strong>\u0395\u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03be\u03c4\u03b5 \u03bd\u03ad\u03b1 domains \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03ad\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2<\/strong>\n<p>\u03a7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ae\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c3\u03b5\u03bd\u03ac\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b7\u03b8\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 workload, \u03c0\u03b1\u03bb\u03b9\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bd\u03ad\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b7\u03b3\u03ad\u03c2, \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 failures \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03c9\u03bd. \u0397 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf training set \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b1\u03c1\u03ba\u03b5\u03af \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 production readiness.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li><span class=\"td-step-kicker\">\u0392\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1 6<\/span><strong>\u03a3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b4\u03ad\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 confidence \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03ce\u03c0\u03b9\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c0\u03c4\u03b5\u03af\u03b1<\/strong>\n<p>\u039f\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c0\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5 \u03bf agent \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03ac, \u03c0\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5 \u03b6\u03b7\u03c4\u03ac \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b2\u03b5\u03b2\u03b1\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac. \u0397 \u03c0\u03b9\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03bb\u03c5\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b1\u03bb\u03ae\u03b8\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1, \u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03af\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03b7 \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b7\u03c1\u03b5\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1, \u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ae \u03c0\u03b5\u03bb\u03ac\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u03a4\u03bf \u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b1\u03af\u03bf \u03b2\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bf \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 <a href=\"https:\/\/twodots.gr\/ai-agents-confidence-context-data-human-oversight\/\">confidence, context \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03ce\u03c0\u03b9\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c0\u03c4\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 AI agents<\/a>. \u03a4\u03bf LOTAPO \u03b2\u03b5\u03bb\u03c4\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 training signal\u00b7 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03af governance, source verification, permissions \u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03ac\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03c9\u03c0\u03bf \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c5\u03c8\u03b7\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd \u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03af\u03c1\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"praktiko-symperasma\">\u03a4\u03bf \u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03ad\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1<\/h2>\n<p><strong>\u03a4\u03bf LOTAPO \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03c7\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b1\u03be\u03af\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 search turn \u03c0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03ba\u03c1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03c1\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c7\u03b9 \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03cc,\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ad\u03b2\u03b7 \u03b1\u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03c9\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac.<\/strong> \u039c\u03b5 backward leave-one-turn attribution \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 sign-consistency gating, \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03af process supervision \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd policy \u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03bf reward model \u03ae \u03b5\u03be\u03c9\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc judge.<\/p>\n<p>\u03a4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b9\u03c3\u03c7\u03c5\u03c1\u03ac \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b5\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf \u03c0\u03b5\u03af\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9 ablations \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03c7\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03b4\u03c1\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 gating \u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac. \u03a0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03cc\u03bc\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 3B \u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5, \u03b5\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd retrieval setup \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03c9\u03bd trajectories \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2.<\/p>\n<p>\u0393\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7, \u03b7 \u03c3\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b9\u03b4\u03ad\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7: \u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03ae\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 replayable traces, \u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03ae\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 outcome \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 process \u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac, \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03c7\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c6\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03ad\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2, \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03ba\u03cc\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c3\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03ce\u03c0\u03b9\u03bd\u03b1 \u03cc\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c5\u03c8\u03b7\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd \u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c5. \u0388\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03cc\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 agent \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ad\u03c6\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae \u03b1\u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7, \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03c1\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03be\u03b7\u03b3\u03b7\u03b8\u03b5\u03af, \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03c7\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b2\u03b5\u03bb\u03c4\u03b9\u03c9\u03b8\u03b5\u03af.<\/p>\n<section class=\"td-service-cta\">\n<div class=\"td-service-cta-content\">\n<p class=\"td-service-cta-eyebrow\">\u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03af \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd &amp; AI \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd TWO DOTS<\/p>\n<p class=\"td-service-cta-title\">\u039c\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03ad\u03c8\u03c4\u03b5 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 AI agent pilot \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03c7\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf workflow \u03bc\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b2\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1, \u03c0\u03b7\u03b3\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03ce\u03c0\u03b9\u03bd\u03b1 checkpoints.<\/p>\n<p>\u0397 TWO DOTS \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03b5\u03af queries, tool calls, CRM, ERP, e-shop \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 support \u03c1\u03bf\u03ad\u03c2, \u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 test cases, logs, approvals \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 fallback, \u03ce\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03b7 \u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03c1\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ae\u03b3\u03b1\u03b3\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03ac \u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1.<\/p>\n<div class=\"td-service-cta-actions\"><a class=\"td-service-cta-button\" href=\"https:\/\/twodots.gr\/aftomatismoi-epicheiriseon-ai\/\">\u0394\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd &amp; AI<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<section id=\"sychnes-erotiseis\" class=\"td-faq-section\">\n<div class=\"td-faq\">\n<p class=\"td-faq-heading\">\u03a3\u03c5\u03c7\u03bd\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c1\u03c9\u03c4\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2<\/p>\n<details class=\"td-faq-item\">\n<summary class=\"td-faq-title\">\u03a4\u03b9 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf LOTAPO;<\/summary>\n<div class=\"td-faq-content\">\n<p>\u0395\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03ad\u03b8\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03c2 self-generated process supervision \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 multi-turn search agents. \u0391\u03c6\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03b4\u03c1\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 search turn, \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03ae \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03b9\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac \u03c3\u03b5 turn-level learning signal.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details class=\"td-faq-item\">\n<summary class=\"td-faq-title\">\u0393\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03af \u03c4\u03bf \u03cc\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b1 \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03be\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc LAPO \u03c3\u03b5 LOTAPO;<\/summary>\n<div class=\"td-faq-content\">\n<p>\u0397 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ce\u03c4\u03b7 \u03ad\u03ba\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd\u03c3\u03b5 LAPO. \u0397 \u03c4\u03c1\u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b1 \u03ad\u03ba\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b7 arXiv v2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 16\u03b7\u03c2 \u0399\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 2026 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u03af LOTAPO, \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf Leave-One-Turn Attribution for Policy Optimization. \u03a4\u03bf \u03ac\u03c1\u03b8\u03c1\u03bf \u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03b9\u03bf \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c0\u03c1\u03c9\u03c4\u03bf\u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03ae \u03c0\u03b7\u03b3\u03ae.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details class=\"td-faq-item\">\n<summary class=\"td-faq-title\">\u03a4\u03b9 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf Answer-Likelihood Gain;<\/summary>\n<div class=\"td-faq-content\">\n<p>\u0395\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bc\u03b5\u03c3\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03b7 log-likelihood \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 gold answer \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03bb\u03ae\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 pre-answer context \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b5\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf search turn \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc [DELETE]. \u0398\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03c7\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 turn \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b5\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf context \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 policy.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details class=\"td-faq-item\">\n<summary class=\"td-faq-title\">\u03a7\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03be\u03c9\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc reward model \u03ae LLM judge;<\/summary>\n<div class=\"td-faq-content\">\n<p>\u038c\u03c7\u03b9. \u03a4\u03bf process signal \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ba\u03cd\u03c0\u03c4\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c4\u03c1\u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b1 policy \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae \u03c3\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae \u03b1\u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7. \u0397 \u03bc\u03ad\u03b8\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae outcome reward \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03bd\u03c3\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf GRPO.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details class=\"td-faq-item\">\n<summary class=\"td-faq-title\">\u0393\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03af \u03c7\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 sign-consistency gating;<\/summary>\n<div class=\"td-faq-content\">\n<p>\u0395\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03ae \u03b7 \u03bf\u03bc\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac\u03be\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5\u03cd\u03b8\u03c5\u03bd\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 raw attribution. \u03a4\u03bf gate \u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03b7 process advantage \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf raw gain \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf normalized signal \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c6\u03c9\u03bd\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf \u03bc\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b7\u03b4\u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details class=\"td-faq-item\">\n<summary class=\"td-faq-title\">\u03a0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf \u03ae\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 LOTAPO;<\/summary>\n<div class=\"td-faq-content\">\n<p>\u03a3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b5\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf setup, \u03c4\u03bf LOTAPO \u03c0\u03ad\u03c4\u03c5\u03c7\u03b5 macro-average exact match 0,326 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03ac datasets, \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9 0,273 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf IGPO \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 0,263 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf Search-R1-instruct.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details class=\"td-faq-item\">\n<summary class=\"td-faq-title\">\u03a0\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c0\u03bb\u03ad\u03bf\u03bd training \u03ba\u03cc\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03c7\u03b5;<\/summary>\n<div class=\"td-faq-content\">\n<p>\u0397 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c5\u03bb\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 198 \u03b4\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03cc\u03bb\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac training step \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9 191 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 Search-R1, \u03b1\u03cd\u03be\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 3,7%. \u0397 \u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae \u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac \u03bf\u03ba\u03c4\u03ce NVIDIA A100 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b5\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf batching, \u03b5\u03c0\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bd\u03ad\u03b1 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c4\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details class=\"td-faq-item\">\n<summary class=\"td-faq-title\">\u039c\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03af \u03ac\u03bc\u03b5\u03c3\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b5\u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc AI agent;<\/summary>\n<div class=\"td-faq-content\">\n<p>\u0397 \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03c6\u03b5\u03b9 training method, \u03cc\u03c7\u03b9 \u03ad\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf production \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ca\u03cc\u03bd. \u0397 \u03ac\u03bc\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03b3\u03ae \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03b5\u03af gold answers, \u03c0\u03bb\u03ae\u03c1\u03b7 trajectories \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 counterfactual scoring. \u039c\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03c9\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c5\u03b9\u03bf\u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf \u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bf: process metrics, replayable traces, controlled ablations \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03ce\u03c0\u03b9\u03bd\u03b1 action gates.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<div class=\"td-source-list\">\n<p id=\"piges\" class=\"td-source-list-title\">\u03a0\u03b7\u03b3\u03ad\u03c2<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2607.13501\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">arXiv: LOTAPO \u2014 Leave-One-Turn Attribution for Policy Optimization with Self-Generated Process Rewards<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/zhuq-111\/LOTAPO-Leave-One-Turn-Attribution\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">GitHub: \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b7 \u03c5\u03bb\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 LOTAPO \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03af\u03c7\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03bb\u03b3\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b8\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03ba\u03ce\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2510.14967\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">arXiv: Information Gain-based Policy Optimization \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 multi-turn search agents<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2503.09516\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">arXiv: Search-R1 \u2014 training LLMs \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 reasoning \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03c0\u03bb\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03b6\u03b7\u03c4\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u03a4\u03bf LOTAPO \u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b5\u03af \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03b4\u03c1\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03ba\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5 \u03b2\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03b6\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 AI agent. \u03a0\u03ce\u03c2 \u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03af, \u03c4\u03b9 \u03ad\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03be\u03b1\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03ac datasets \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac workflows.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":86973,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_gspb_post_css":"","content-type":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[17366],"tags":[6506,18034,18885,18449,3597],"class_list":["post-86970","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-digital-marketing","tag-ai-agents","tag-reinforcement-learning","tag-anazitisi","tag-aftomatismoi","tag-techniti-noimosyni"],"blocksy_meta":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/twodots.gr\/bg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/86970","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/twodots.gr\/bg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/twodots.gr\/bg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/twodots.gr\/bg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/twodots.gr\/bg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=86970"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/twodots.gr\/bg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/86970\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":86974,"href":"https:\/\/twodots.gr\/bg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/86970\/revisions\/86974"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/twodots.gr\/bg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/86973"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/twodots.gr\/bg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=86970"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/twodots.gr\/bg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=86970"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/twodots.gr\/bg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=86970"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}