{"id":86988,"date":"2026-07-28T00:45:52","date_gmt":"2026-07-27T21:45:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/twodots.gr\/?p=86988"},"modified":"2026-07-28T00:45:53","modified_gmt":"2026-07-27T21:45:53","slug":"epalithefsi-politikon-reinforcement-learning-ai-agent","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/twodots.gr\/en\/epalithefsi-politikon-reinforcement-learning-ai-agent\/","title":{"rendered":"Verifying Reinforcement Learning Policies: When Can We Trust an AI Agent?;"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"td-article-lede\">\n<p><strong>\u0397 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03bb\u03ae\u03b8\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 reinforcement learning \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03ba\u03bd\u03cd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 AI agent \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u00ab\u03b1\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03ae\u03c2\u00bb\u00b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03ba\u03bd\u03cd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ae \u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03ac \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b5\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1, \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bb\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae \u03b5\u03b9\u03c3\u03cc\u03b4\u03c9\u03bd, \u03c7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ce\u03bd.<\/strong> \u0397 \u03bd\u03ad\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03ba\u03cc\u03c0\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd Luca Marzari, Ezio Bartocci \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 Enrico Marchesini \u03bf\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03b5\u03b4\u03af\u03bf \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c4\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03ac\u03be\u03bf\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2: \u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03ae \u03c0\u03b9\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03bb\u03ae\u03b8\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7, step-wise \u03ae multi-step \u03c7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c0\u03b5\u03b4\u03af\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b9\u03c3\u03c7\u03cd\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b5\u03c7\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03b3\u03b3\u03cd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2.<\/p>\n<p>\u0393\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7, \u03c4\u03bf \u03ba\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03ad\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc: \u03c0\u03c1\u03b9\u03bd \u03b5\u03bc\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b5\u03af \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd agent \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03b3\u03ba\u03c1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2, \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03ad\u03bc\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c0\u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03ae \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 workflow, \u03c0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03b2\u03ce\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b8\u03cd\u03bc\u03b7\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac \u03b8\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03ba\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9. \u0397 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03b5 benchmarks \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 test episodes \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03b7, \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf \u03ba\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c7\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd, \u03c3\u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03b9\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c7\u03ce\u03bd \u03cc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03ce\u03c0\u03b9\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ad\u03bc\u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"td-article-note\">\n<p><strong>\u038c\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03b3\u03b3\u03cd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2:<\/strong> \u03b1\u03ba\u03cc\u03bc\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03c5\u03c7\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03bb\u03ae\u03b8\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b9\u03c3\u03c7\u03cd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf \u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03bf \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b2\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2, \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae \u03b5\u03b9\u03c3\u03cc\u03b4\u03c9\u03bd, \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03c7\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd. Model mismatch, \u03bc\u03b7 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7, \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03b3\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf deployment \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bb\u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b4\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03ac\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03be\u03b5\u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc \u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf, \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03b8\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b1\u03c6\u03ae \u03cc\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03ce\u03c0\u03b9\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c0\u03c4\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"td-article-toc\">\n<div class=\"td-toc-title\">Contents<\/div>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"#kali-epidosi-den-einai-apodeixi-asfaleias\">\u0397 \u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03ae \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03be\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac\u03c2<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#treis-axones-epalithefsis\">\u03a4\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03ac\u03be\u03bf\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03af \u03c3\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac \u03b7 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03bb\u03ae\u03b8\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#step-wise-elegchos\">Step-wise \u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf\u03c2: \u03b7 \u03ce\u03c1\u03b9\u03bc\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03af\u03b1<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#pithanotiki-epalithefsi\">\u03a0\u03b9\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03bb\u03ae\u03b8\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03bb\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf \u03ba\u03cc\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03ba\u03bb\u03b9\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#multi-step-elegchos\">Multi-step \u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf\u03c2: \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03c6\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c7\u03b9\u03ac<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#preimage-analysis\">Preimage analysis: \u03cc\u03c7\u03b9 \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03b1\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ba\u03af\u03bd\u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2, \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03c0\u03bf\u03cd \u03b2\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#sygkrisi-ergaleion\">\u03a4\u03b9 \u03ad\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03be\u03b5 \u03b7 \u03c3\u03cd\u03b3\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03c9\u03bd<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#praktikos-odigos-methodou\">\u0388\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03bf\u03b4\u03b7\u03b3\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03ae\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b8\u03cc\u03b4\u03bf\u03c5<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#recurrent-policies-mnimi\">Recurrent policies \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03b2\u03bb\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03bd\u03ae\u03bc\u03b7\u03c2<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#multi-agent-systimata\">Multi-agent \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03ba\u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b5\u03c5\u03b8\u03cd\u03bd\u03b7<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#anoichtes-prokliseis-roadmap\">\u039f\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ba\u03bb\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf roadmap<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#ypefthyni-anaptyxi-ai-agents\">\u03a4\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03cd\u03b8\u03c5\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03c0\u03c4\u03c5\u03be\u03b7 AI agents<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<h2 id=\"kali-epidosi-den-einai-apodeixi-asfaleias\">\u0397 \u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03ae \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03be\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac\u03c2<\/h2>\n<p>\u03a4\u03bf reinforcement learning \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bb\u03ae \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03b2\u03bb\u03b5\u03c8\u03b7 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03ae \u03b7 \u03ad\u03be\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b3\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1, \u03b7 \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b2\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03bd\u03ad\u03bf \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b2\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b7\u03c1\u03b5\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03c6\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7. \u0397 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae, \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ae\u03b8\u03c9\u03c2 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b2\u03b1\u03b8\u03cd \u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b4\u03af\u03ba\u03c4\u03c5\u03bf, \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b4\u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bb\u03ce\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03be\u03ac\u03c1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1. \u0394\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03af \u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03b8\u03af\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b8\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9.<\/p>\n<p>\u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03cc \u03c3\u03c6\u03ac\u03bb\u03bc\u03b1 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c3\u03b5 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03b2\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1, \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac\u03be\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03c7\u03c5\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03b1\u03c1\u03b3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1. \u039c\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c6\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b1\u03bd\u03b8\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03cc\u03bc\u03c9\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03bf\u03b4\u03b7\u03b3\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b2\u03af\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c3\u03c6\u03ac\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03b2\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1. \u0397 \u03b5\u03bc\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03af\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b7, \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03ba\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03cc\u03bb\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03c5\u03c7\u03af\u03b5\u03c2, \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae\u03c2 \u03ae \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bb\u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b4\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03bc\u03c6\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03c3\u03b5 \u03ba\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc \u03b2\u03c1\u03cc\u03c7\u03bf.<\/p>\n<p>\u0393\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7, \u03c4\u03bf \u03b6\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b1 \u03bf\u03c7\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ae \u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ac \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1. \u0388\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 agent \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03c2, \u03b5\u03b3\u03ba\u03c1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03ad\u03c2, \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03ad\u03bc\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc budget \u03ae \u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u03af workflows \u03b5\u03c0\u03b7\u03c1\u03b5\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2. \u0395\u03c0\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b1\u03c6\u03ae\u03c2 \u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03b3\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03cd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9, \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf \u03c7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bc\u03bf\u03c1\u03c6\u03ae \u03b2\u03b5\u03b2\u03b1\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"treis-axones-epalithefsis\">\u03a4\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03ac\u03be\u03bf\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03af \u03c3\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac \u03b7 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03bb\u03ae\u03b8\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7<\/h2>\n<p>\u039f \u03c0\u03c1\u03ce\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ac\u03be\u03bf\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03bb\u03ae\u03b8\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2. \u039f\u03b9 \u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bc\u03ad\u03b8\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03ce\u03ba\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c4\u03b5\u03ba\u03bc\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03b3\u03b3\u03c5\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bb\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ad\u03c2. \u039f\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b9\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bc\u03ad\u03b8\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03b9 \u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03ae \u03c6\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03b9\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b2\u03af\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2, \u03ce\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b5\u03c1\u03b4\u03af\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03ba\u03bb\u03b9\u03bc\u03ac\u03ba\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03bb\u03c5\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03cd \u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03b2\u03ae.<\/p>\n<div class=\"td-comparison\">\n<p class=\"td-comparison-title\">\u03a4\u03c5\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03ae \u03c0\u03b9\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03bb\u03ae\u03b8\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 RL;<\/p>\n<div class=\"td-comparison-cards td-comparison-cards--horizontal\">\n<div class=\"td-comparison-grid td-comparison-grid--two\">\n<div class=\"td-platform-card\">\n<h3>\u03a4\u03c5\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03b3\u03b3\u03cd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7<\/h3>\n<p>\u03a3\u03c4\u03cc\u03c7\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03c7\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bb\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b9\u03c3\u03c7\u03cd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bf\u03bb\u03cc\u03ba\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03c7\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae. \u0395\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bb\u03b7 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf \u03ba\u03cc\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b7 \u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b2\u03af\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c5\u03c8\u03b7\u03bb\u03cc \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03af\u03b2\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1.<\/p>\n<div class=\"td-badge-row\"><span class=\"td-badge\">Worst case<\/span><span class=\"td-badge\">\u03a1\u03b7\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ad\u03c2<\/span><span class=\"td-badge\">\u03a5\u03c8\u03b7\u03bb\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf \u03ba\u03cc\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"td-platform-card td-platform-card--navy\">\n<h3>\u03a0\u03b9\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03b3\u03b3\u03cd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7<\/h3>\n<p>\u03a3\u03c4\u03cc\u03c7\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03b7\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03ae \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c6\u03c1\u03b1\u03c7\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03b7 \u03c0\u03b9\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b2\u03af\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bb\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf \u03c3\u03c6\u03ac\u03bb\u03bc\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c0\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf \u03b5\u03bc\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2. \u039a\u03bb\u03b9\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c7\u03ce\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2, \u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03bb\u03c5\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03be\u03b7.<\/p>\n<div class=\"td-badge-row\"><span class=\"td-badge\">Residual risk<\/span><span class=\"td-badge\">\u03a3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03cc\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1<\/span><span class=\"td-badge\">\u039a\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03ba\u03bb\u03b9\u03bc\u03ac\u03ba\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u039f \u03b4\u03b5\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ac\u03be\u03bf\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf \u03c7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2. \u0397 step-wise \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03bb\u03ae\u03b8\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03be\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bc\u03af\u03b1 \u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2: \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03c1\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03ae \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae \u03b5\u03b9\u03c3\u03cc\u03b4\u03c9\u03bd, \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03b5\u03af \u03bc\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1; \u0397 multi-step \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03bb\u03ae\u03b8\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03be\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c7\u03b9\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bb\u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2\u2013\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b2\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2: \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03b8\u03af\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c6\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c6\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7;<\/p>\n<p>\u039f \u03c4\u03c1\u03af\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ac\u03be\u03bf\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b9\u03c3\u03c7\u03cd\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03b3\u03b3\u03cd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2. \u0386\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b2\u03c1\u03b5\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b5\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1, \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03c7\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b9\u03c3\u03c7\u03cd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03b5\u03af \u03bf\u03bb\u03cc\u03ba\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b5\u03b9\u03c3\u03cc\u03b4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bf\u03b4\u03b7\u03b3\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03c3\u03b5 \u03ba\u03af\u03bd\u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf. \u0397 \u03c3\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03ae \u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03c6\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b8\u03b1 \u03bb\u03b7\u03c6\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"step-wise-elegchos\">Step-wise \u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf\u03c2: \u03b7 \u03ce\u03c1\u03b9\u03bc\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03af\u03b1<\/h2>\n<p>\u03a3\u03c4\u03b7 step-wise \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03bb\u03ae\u03b8\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b7 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ac\u03c1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2. \u039f \u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03ba\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2 \u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03c1\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd \u03b5\u03b9\u03c3\u03cc\u03b4\u03c9\u03bd, \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ac \u03b3\u03cd\u03c1\u03c9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bc\u03ad\u03c4\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c0\u03c4\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b8\u03cc\u03c1\u03c5\u03b2\u03bf \u03b1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b8\u03b7\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b1, \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b8\u03ae\u03ba\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03b5\u03be\u03cc\u03b4\u03bf\u03c5. \u03a3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2, \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03cd\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bb\u03bf\u03ae\u03b3\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b2\u03bb\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b5\u03bc\u03c0\u03cc\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf \u03bc\u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03bb\u03ad\u03be\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ba\u03af\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bc\u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c2, \u03b1\u03ba\u03cc\u03bc\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd \u03bf\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf \u03b8\u03cc\u03c1\u03c5\u03b2\u03bf.<\/p>\n<p>\u039c\u03af\u03b1 \u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03b3\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b5\u03c7\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03ba\u03c9\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u03af \u03c4\u03bf \u03b4\u03af\u03ba\u03c4\u03c5\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ac\u03c1\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c9\u03c2 \u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2. \u0391\u03bd \u03bf solver \u03b2\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bb\u03cd\u03c3\u03b7, \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03ad\u03c6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1: \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b5\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b5\u03af\u03c3\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bf\u03b4\u03b7\u03b3\u03b5\u03af \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b8\u03cd\u03bc\u03b7\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1. \u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03af\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 debugging, \u03b5\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03ae \u03b7 \u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03b4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03ba\u03c4\u03ac \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03ce\u03b3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf failure case.<\/p>\n<p>\u039c\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b5\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03b3\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03cc\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03cc\u03bb\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b9\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b5\u03be\u03cc\u03b4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b5\u03b9\u03c3\u03cc\u03b4\u03c9\u03bd. \u0395\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b5 bound propagation, \u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c7\u03b1\u03bb\u03b1\u03c1\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2, abstract interpretation \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 reachability \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03ce\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae\u03c2. \u038c\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03c4\u03b1 \u03cc\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03cd \u03c7\u03b1\u03bb\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac, \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 branch-and-bound: \u03b7 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae \u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03b7\u03c0\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bc\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1, \u03ce\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b3\u03af\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03b2\u03ad\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2. \u03a4\u03bf \u03ba\u03cc\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03cc\u03bc\u03c9\u03c2 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03b7\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03b5\u03ba\u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"pithanotiki-epalithefsi\">\u03a0\u03b9\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03bb\u03ae\u03b8\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03bb\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf \u03ba\u03cc\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03ba\u03bb\u03b9\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9<\/h2>\n<p>\u039f\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b9\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bc\u03ad\u03b8\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03b7 \u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b9\u03c3\u03c7\u03cd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ba\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03bf \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae\u03c2. \u03a3\u03c4\u03cc\u03c7\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03b9\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03b1\u03b2\u03b5\u03b2\u03b1\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ae \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03ce\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03cc\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf \u03c5\u03c8\u03b7\u03bb\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bc\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2. \u0397 \u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b5\u03b3\u03b3\u03af\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 randomized smoothing, PROVEN \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 PT-LiRPA, \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b8\u03cc\u03c1\u03c5\u03b2\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c7\u03ad\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 RL.<\/p>\n<p>\u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u00ab\u03c0\u03b9\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u00bb \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd\u03c5\u03bc\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5. \u03a3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b5\u03b3\u03b3\u03cd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bc\u03bf\u03c1\u03c6\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b1\u03b6\u03af \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2. \u03a3\u03b5 \u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03b3\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03bb\u03af\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1\u03c2, \u03cc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03c7\u03b8\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03ae \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u03b1 \u03b4\u03af\u03ba\u03c4\u03c5\u03b1, \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03ac \u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c0\u03b9\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03b3\u03b3\u03cd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03bb\u03c5\u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03ad\u03b8\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03ba\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac.<\/p>\n<p>\u0397 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03af\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bb\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03c1\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03cc residual risk, \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae \u03b1\u03b2\u03b5\u03b2\u03b1\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03ba\u03cc\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 false assurance. \u03a7\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ac, \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b9\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03af \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ba\u03ae \u03b2\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03c6\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"multi-step-elegchos\">Multi-step \u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf\u03c2: \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03c6\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c7\u03b9\u03ac<\/h2>\n<p>\u0397 multi-step \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03bb\u03ae\u03b8\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03bd\u03c3\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b2\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2. \u03a1\u03c9\u03c4\u03ac \u03b1\u03bd \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03ae\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c7\u03b9\u03ac \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c6\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7. \u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03ad\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd agents, \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03b5\u03af \u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03bf \u03ae \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03ad\u03b3\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03b4\u03b9\u03cc\u03b3\u03ba\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c7\u03ce\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd \u03cc\u03c3\u03bf \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03b1\u03bb\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bf \u03c7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2.<\/p>\n<p>\u039f\u03b9 \u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c1\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03ba\u03c6\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5 temporal logic. \u0388\u03bd\u03b1 labeled Markov decision process \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b4\u03c5\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b6\u03b7\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1. \u03a4\u03bf \u03b3\u03b9\u03bd\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03c9\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c7\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd, \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b3\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b5\u03ba\u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c3\u03cd\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1.<\/p>\n<p>\u039c\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5\u03cd\u03b8\u03c5\u03bd\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03bf-\u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2, \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 control barrier functions \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 Lyapunov functions. \u0397 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c3\u03c6\u03ac\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03c1\u03af\u03c0\u03c4\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ae \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u03af \u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b2\u03b9\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc. \u039f\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b9\u03c3\u03c7\u03c5\u03c1\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b5\u03b3\u03b3\u03c5\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf \u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03bf \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b8\u03ad\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf, \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03b1\u03bd \u03b7 \u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ac\u03c1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c3\u03c6\u03ac\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b1\u03b8\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1, \u03c4\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03bb\u03b7\u03b8\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b5\u03af. \u03a4\u03bf \u03b2\u03ac\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03c6\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9\u00b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"preimage-analysis\">Preimage analysis: \u03cc\u03c7\u03b9 \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03b1\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ba\u03af\u03bd\u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2, \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03c0\u03bf\u03cd \u03b2\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9<\/h2>\n<p>\u0397 enumeration-based \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03bb\u03ae\u03b8\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c1\u03ce\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7. \u0391\u03bd\u03c4\u03af \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03c5\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u00ab\u03b1\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ae \u03bc\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03ad\u03c2\u00bb, \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03b6\u03b7\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b5\u03b9\u03c3\u03cc\u03b4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bf\u03b4\u03b7\u03b3\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03ae \u03ad\u03be\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf. \u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf preimage \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03bf\u03b4\u03b7\u03b3\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03b5\u03c5\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03ae \u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd, retraining, recovery policies \u03ae \u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 shielding.<\/p>\n<p>\u0397 \u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03b2\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03af\u03b8\u03bc\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b4\u03cd\u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03ba\u03cc\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03c1\u03ae\u03b3\u03bf\u03c1\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b2\u03ac\u03b8\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03c4\u03cd\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03b9\u03c3\u03cc\u03b4\u03bf\u03c5. \u039f\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b5\u03b3\u03b3\u03af\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03ad\u03b3\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b4\u03af\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b5\u03be\u03c9\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03cc\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf, \u03b5\u03bd\u03ce \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b4\u03c5\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03af \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1- \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03ad\u03b3\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ae \u03c0\u03b9\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bc\u03ad\u03b8\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c0\u03b9\u03bf \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03b1\u03b3\u03b5\u03af\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2.<\/p>\n<p>\u0393\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03b4\u03b1 product \u03ae operations, \u03c4\u03bf preimage \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03af\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03b1\u03be\u03af\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03ae \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03ba\u03af\u03bd\u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c7\u03ac\u03c1\u03c4\u03b7. \u0394\u03b5\u03bd \u03bb\u03ad\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bb\u03ce\u03c2 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u00ab\u03bf agent \u03af\u03c3\u03c9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bb\u03ac\u03b8\u03bf\u03c2\u00bb, \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c7\u03ad\u03c2 \u03cc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2, \u03b1\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03ce\u03c0\u03b9\u03bd\u03b7 \u03ad\u03b3\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ae \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"sygkrisi-ergaleion\">\u03a4\u03b9 \u03ad\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03be\u03b5 \u03b7 \u03c3\u03cd\u03b3\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03c9\u03bd<\/h2>\n<p>\u0397 \u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03c1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b5 benchmarks \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 ACAS Xu, VCAS, CartPole, LunarLander \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 Dubin\u2019s rejoin. \u03a4\u03bf \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03ad\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03b7\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2. \u039f\u03b9 \u03bc\u03ad\u03b8\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03b9 bound propagation \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c7\u03b1\u03bb\u03ac\u03c1\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03bb\u03b9\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 step-wise \u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2, \u03b5\u03bd\u03ce \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03b2\u03b5\u03af\u03c2 solvers \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b9\u03c3\u03c7\u03c5\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03b2\u03b5\u03b2\u03b1\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c5\u03c8\u03b7\u03bb\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf \u03ba\u03cc\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2.<\/p>\n<p>\u0393\u03b9\u03b1 preimage analysis, \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03b2\u03b5\u03af\u03c2 \u03bc\u03ad\u03b8\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03b9 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03cd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03ba\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03ce\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03bd\u03ae\u03bc\u03b7. \u039f\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b5\u03b3\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b9\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b5\u03c7\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b2\u03b5\u03bb\u03c4\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b8\u03b7\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1, \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03b7 \u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03b4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03b5\u03c7\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b5\u03ba\u03bc\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03c6\u03ac\u03bb\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03ad\u03b3\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2.<\/p>\n<p>\u03a3\u03c4\u03b7 multi-step \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03bb\u03ae\u03b8\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b1\u03ba\u03cc\u03bc\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 benchmarks \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c9\u03c1\u03b9\u03bc\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2. \u0397 \u03ad\u03bb\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c8\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03ba\u03bb\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03c5\u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03af\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b7\u03b8\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5 \u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03cc \u03c4\u03c1\u03cc\u03c0\u03bf \u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae, \u03b1\u03b2\u03b5\u03b2\u03b1\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2. \u0386\u03c1\u03b1 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03bc\u03b7\u03b8\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd \u03ae \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03c9\u03bd \u03c7\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03ac\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03ac \u03c3\u03b5\u03bd\u03ac\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1, \u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b1\u03c6\u03ae \u03cc\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"praktikos-odigos-methodou\">\u0388\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03bf\u03b4\u03b7\u03b3\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03ae\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b8\u03cc\u03b4\u03bf\u03c5<\/h2>\n<p>\u0393\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03bd\u03b8\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ae \u03b1\u03c3\u03c6\u03ac\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2, \u03bf\u03b9 over-approximate reachability \u03bc\u03ad\u03b8\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03b9 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bb\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03af\u03b1. \u0393\u03b9\u03b1 debugging, \u03bf\u03b9 SAT-based solvers \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03ae \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03ad\u03c6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1. \u0393\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c7\u03ce\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b1\u03b6\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf, \u03bf\u03b9 relaxation-based \u03ae \u03c0\u03b9\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bc\u03ad\u03b8\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ae\u03b8\u03c9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03bb\u03b9\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1.<\/p>\n<div class=\"td-decision-band\">\n<p class=\"td-decision-label\">\u0397 \u03c3\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae \u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03c6\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u039c\u03b7\u03bd \u03be\u03b5\u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03ac\u03c4\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd solver. \u039e\u03b5\u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03ae\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b8\u03cd\u03bc\u03b7\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ae \u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c7\u03b9\u03ac \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03ba\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03af \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03c6\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b8\u03b1 \u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03b8\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0386\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b2\u03ac\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 release gate, \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf \u03b7 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03b6\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 failure cases \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 retraining \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf \u03b7 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 human-in-the-loop. \u0397 \u03bc\u03ad\u03b8\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03c2, \u03bf \u03c7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03ae \u03b1\u03b2\u03b5\u03b2\u03b1\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c5\u03c0\u03b7\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b5\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b7.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u038c\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03b7 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03b3\u03ba\u03b7 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b7\u03b8\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03af\u03bd\u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c7\u03ad\u03c2, \u03c7\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 preimage \u03ae enumeration analysis. \u038c\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03b7 \u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac \u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03c0\u03c4\u03c5\u03be\u03b7, \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 multi-step \u03ae \u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03bf-\u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03ad\u03b3\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7.<\/p>\n<p>\u0397 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03ae \u03c0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03be\u03b5\u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03ac \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b6\u03b7\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03c6\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7: \u03b8\u03ad\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bb\u03bf\u03ba\u03ac\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 release, \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b2\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bc\u03b5 failure cases, \u03bd\u03b1 \u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5 human-in-the-loop \u03cc\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ae \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03be\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03bc\u03cc\u03c1\u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7; \u03a4\u03bf \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03bf \u03ad\u03c1\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c7\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03bf.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"recurrent-policies-mnimi\">Recurrent policies \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03b2\u03bb\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03bd\u03ae\u03bc\u03b7\u03c2<\/h2>\n<p>\u03a3\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b2\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1, recurrent neural networks \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03ba\u03c1\u03c5\u03c6\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03c5\u03ba\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc. \u0397 \u03b1\u03c3\u03c6\u03ac\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03c6\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03c2 \u03cc\u03c7\u03b9 \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c4\u03c1\u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7, \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b1 hidden states \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c6\u03b9\u03ba\u03c4\u03ac \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03b8\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bb\u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2.<\/p>\n<p>\u039f\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b7\u03b8\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b5\u03b3\u03b3\u03af\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b5\u03b3\u03b3\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf hidden states \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bb\u03ac\u03b2\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03ad \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ba\u03cd\u03c8\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd. \u0388\u03c4\u03c3\u03b9 \u03b5\u03bc\u03c6\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ae \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b5\u03b3\u03b3\u03c5\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2. \u0397 \u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03ba\u03bd\u03cd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03b3\u03ba\u03b7 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03be\u03b5\u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ae\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b9\u03b8\u03bc\u03b5\u03af \u03cc\u03bb\u03b5\u03c2.<\/p>\n<p>\u0393\u03b9\u03b1 conversational \u03ae workflow agents, \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ac\u03bc\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1. \u0388\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf\u03c2 \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b1\u03af\u03bf prompt \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03c6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03af\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03af \u03c4\u03bf \u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc, \u03b7 \u03bc\u03bd\u03ae\u03bc\u03b7, \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b7\u03b3\u03bf\u03cd\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b1 tool calls \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03b3\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"multi-agent-systimata\">Multi-agent \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03ba\u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b5\u03c5\u03b8\u03cd\u03bd\u03b7<\/h2>\n<p>\u03a3\u03c4\u03b1 multi-agent \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b7 \u03b1\u03c3\u03c6\u03ac\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ba\u03cd\u03c0\u03c4\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bb\u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b4\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03ce\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd. \u03a3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03bf \u03bc\u03b5 \u03ba\u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03ba\u03c0\u03b1\u03af\u03b4\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03ba\u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7, \u03ba\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5 agent \u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03af \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03c1\u03c5\u03c6\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7. \u039f \u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c7\u03ce\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd \u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03ba\u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b1\u03c1\u03b9\u03b8\u03bc\u03cc \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd agents.<\/p>\n<p>\u0397 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03be\u03ac\u03c1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03bb\u03ae\u03b8\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac agent \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03c1\u03ad\u03c8\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bb\u03bf \u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf, \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd\u03cc\u03b7\u03c4\u03bf \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c1\u03ba\u03b5\u03af \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03b3\u03b3\u03c5\u03b7\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03b1\u03c3\u03c6\u03ac\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03b4\u03b1\u03c2. \u0397 \u03ad\u03bc\u03bc\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03c9\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 recurrent \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2. \u03a3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03ae \u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03c4\u03ac \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b2\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03af\u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03b3\u03ba\u03b7 \u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03c0\u03ac\u03bb\u03c9\u03bd.<\/p>\n<p>\u03a3\u03b5 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03b9\u03c4\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae, \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c6\u03c1\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03b1\u03c6\u03ae \u03cc\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9\u03c9\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd, \u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03ad\u03c2 invariants \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bb\u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b4\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd, \u03cc\u03c7\u03b9 \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5 agent \u03bc\u03b5\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"anoichtes-prokliseis-roadmap\">\u039f\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ba\u03bb\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf roadmap<\/h2>\n<p>\u03a0\u03c1\u03ce\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03ba\u03bb\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b1\u03b2\u03b5\u03b2\u03b1\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b2\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2. \u03a0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bc\u03ad\u03b8\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03b9 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b8\u03ad\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae \u03ae \u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03b2\u03ce\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b5\u03b3\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae, \u03b5\u03bd\u03ce \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c9\u03c0\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd model mismatch, \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c7\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1. \u0397 \u03b5\u03b3\u03b3\u03cd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bb\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd \u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae, \u03bf\u03bb\u03cc\u03ba\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03ba\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc \u03b2\u03c1\u03cc\u03c7\u03bf \u03ae \u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03b3\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b9\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b2\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03cc\u03bd\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd.<\/p>\n<p>\u0394\u03b5\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c3\u03ce\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03b4\u03cd\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1. \u039f\u03b9 worst-case \u03bc\u03ad\u03b8\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03b9 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b3\u03af\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2, \u03b5\u03bd\u03ce \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03bb\u03b7\u03c0\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03ba\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b3\u03b5\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c7\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7\u03bb\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b9\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2. \u03a4\u03c1\u03af\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03bb\u03ae\u03b8\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03cd\u03b3\u03c7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03b9\u03c4\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd: attention \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 softmax \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b9\u03ac\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b5\u03cd\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 piecewise-linear \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03ce\u03bd solvers, \u03b5\u03bd\u03ce \u03c4\u03b1 Transformers \u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b2\u03bb\u03b7\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd \u03bc\u03ae\u03ba\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2.<\/p>\n<p>\u03a4\u03bf \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03ad\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03ba\u03bb\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae. \u0395\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03bd\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae: \u03c0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03af \u03b7 \u03bf\u03c1\u03b8\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bb\u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2, \u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5, \u03bc\u03bd\u03ae\u03bc\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03ba\u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c6\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"ypefthyni-anaptyxi-ai-agents\">\u03a4\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03cd\u03b8\u03c5\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03c0\u03c4\u03c5\u03be\u03b7 AI agents<\/h2>\n<p>\u0397 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03bb\u03ae\u03b8\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b1 tests, \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03b8\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ae \u03c4\u03bf human oversight. \u03a4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c1\u03b7\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03c7\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ad\u03c2. \u0388\u03bd\u03b1 \u03ce\u03c1\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03bc\u03b1 \u03be\u03b5\u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03ac \u03bc\u03b5 inventory \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c6\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd, \u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 unsafe outputs \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03b3\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c7\u03b9\u03ad\u03c2, \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03c6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b9 \u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03b2\u03ce\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ae\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5.<\/p>\n<div class=\"td-step-list\">\n<p class=\"td-step-list-title\">\u0388\u03be\u03b9 \u03b2\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf \u03b5\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd AI agent<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><span class=\"td-step-kicker\">Step 1<\/span><strong>\u039a\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03c8\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c6\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1<\/strong>\n<p>\u039e\u03b5\u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b7\u03c1\u03b5\u03ac\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1, \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c3\u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7, \u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b5\u03bb\u03b1\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd, \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b5\u03c7\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf \u03ae \u03c6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b5\u03be\u03bf\u03c0\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03ad\u03c8\u03b9\u03bc\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c7\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd \u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c5.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li><span class=\"td-step-kicker\">Step 2<\/span><strong>\u039f\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 unsafe states \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03b3\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c7\u03b9\u03ad\u03c2<\/strong>\n<p>\u039c\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03ad\u03c8\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u00ab\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03ae\u03c2\u00bb \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03be\u03b9\u03bc\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2, \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b7 \u03c5\u03c0\u03ad\u03c1\u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03bf\u03c5, \u03bc\u03b7 \u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03c2 \u03ad\u03b3\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ae \u03bc\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03bf\u03c7\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03ba\u03bb\u03b9\u03bc\u03ac\u03ba\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03af\u03c9\u03bd.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li><span class=\"td-step-kicker\">Step 3<\/span><strong>\u0395\u03c0\u03b9\u03bb\u03ad\u03be\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1<\/strong>\n<p>\u03a7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ae\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 step-wise \u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03c6\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 multi-step \u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf \u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf \u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03ba\u03bf \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ba\u03cd\u03c0\u03c4\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c3\u03ce\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd, \u03bc\u03bd\u03ae\u03bc\u03b7 \u03ae \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03b3\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li><span class=\"td-step-kicker\">Step 4<\/span><strong>\u0394\u03b7\u03bb\u03ce\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 residual risk<\/strong>\n<p>\u039a\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03c8\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae \u03b5\u03b9\u03c3\u03cc\u03b4\u03c9\u03bd, \u03b1\u03b2\u03b5\u03b2\u03b1\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b2\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2, \u03b5\u03ba\u03b4\u03cc\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03c9\u03bd, \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c0\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf \u03b5\u03bc\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03cc,\u03c4\u03b9 \u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2 \u03ba\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03c8\u03b7\u03c2.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li><span class=\"td-step-kicker\">Step 5<\/span><strong>\u03a3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b4\u03ad\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc \u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5<\/strong>\n<p>\u0388\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03bf\u03b4\u03b7\u03b3\u03b5\u03af \u03c3\u03b5 reproducible test, \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03af\u03bd\u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf preimage \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc \u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b5\u03b3\u03b3\u03cd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03b5 human-in-the-loop gate.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li><span class=\"td-step-kicker\">Step 6<\/span><strong>\u0395\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03ac\u03b2\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03ba\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5 \u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03b3\u03ae<\/strong>\n<p>\u039d\u03ad\u03bf policy checkpoint, system prompt, tool, workflow \u03ae distribution shift \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03ba\u03c5\u03c1\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b7\u03b3\u03bf\u03cd\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf \u03c4\u03b5\u03ba\u03bc\u03ae\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf. \u039a\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03ae\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 versioned evidence \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c7\u03ae \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03b8\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03b7 \u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b4\u03ad\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7 <a href=\"https:\/\/twodots.gr\/craft-apo-ta-scores-sti-stochevmeni-veltiosi-ton-montelon-ai\/\">\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03b5\u03c5\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03b4\u03cd\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03c9\u03bd \u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03c4\u03ae\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b5\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 \u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5<\/a> \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd <a href=\"https:\/\/twodots.gr\/ai-agents-poios-ftaiei-otan-aftomatopoiisi-apotygchanei\/\">\u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03c5\u03b8\u03cd\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 AI \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03c5\u03b3\u03c7\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9<\/a>. \u0397 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03bb\u03ae\u03b8\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b5\u03ba\u03bc\u03ae\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bf\u03b4\u03b7\u03b3\u03b5\u03af \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b5\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03b3\u03ae: \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc \u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9\u03c9\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd, \u03bd\u03ad\u03bf test, runtime shield, \u03b1\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03ce\u03c0\u03b9\u03bd\u03b7 \u03ad\u03b3\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ae \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2.<\/p>\n<p>\u03a7\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03af\u03c7\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c0\u03ad\u03b4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03b3\u03b3\u03cd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03bf\u03b2\u03b1\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03c6\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2. \u039c\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c3\u03cd\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b5\u03c7\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b7\u03c1\u03b5\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1, \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c3\u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ae \u03c6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b5\u03be\u03bf\u03c0\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03be\u03b7. \u038c\u03c3\u03bf \u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 \u03bb\u03ac\u03b8\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2, \u03c4\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf \u03b2\u03ac\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03ba\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03bf\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b5\u03b3\u03b3\u03c5\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2, \u03bf\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03af runtime shielding \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03ce\u03c0\u03b9\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ad\u03bc\u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2.<\/p>\n<p>\u0397 \u03c0\u03b9\u03bf \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03b7 \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03b3\u03ae \u03bd\u03bf\u03bf\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03ac\u03c8\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c1\u03c9\u03c4\u03ac\u03bc\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bb\u03ce\u03c2 \u00ab\u03c0\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03cc \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03bf;\u00bb \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c1\u03c9\u03c4\u03ac\u03bc\u03b5 \u00ab\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03ba\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03c3\u03b1\u03bc\u03b5, \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae, \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf \u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b2\u03b5\u03b2\u03b1\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1;\u00bb. \u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b3\u03bb\u03ce\u03c3\u03c3\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b4\u03ad\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c4\u03b5\u03c7\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03c5\u03b2\u03ad\u03c1\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7.<\/p>\n<section class=\"td-service-cta\">\n<div class=\"td-service-cta-content\">\n<p class=\"td-service-cta-eyebrow\">Business Automation &amp; AI by TWO DOTS<\/p>\n<p class=\"td-service-cta-title\">\u03a3\u03c7\u03b5\u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 AI agents \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03be\u03b9\u03bc\u03b1 \u03cc\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b1\u03c6\u03ae \u03b1\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03ce\u03c0\u03b9\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c0\u03c4\u03b5\u03af\u03b1.<\/p>\n<p>\u0397 TWO DOTS \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03b5\u03af \u03ba\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2, \u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 approval gates, \u03bf\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 versioned tests \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b4\u03ad\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ba\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5 \u03b5\u03cd\u03c1\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 runtime safeguards \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03cd\u03b8\u03c5\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae \u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03b1.<\/p>\n<div class=\"td-service-cta-actions\"><a class=\"td-service-cta-button\" href=\"https:\/\/twodots.gr\/aftomatismoi-epicheiriseon-ai\/\">\u03a3\u03c7\u03b5\u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 AI agent \u03c3\u03b1\u03c2<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<section id=\"sychnes-erotiseis\" class=\"td-faq-section\">\n<div class=\"td-faq\">\n<p class=\"td-faq-heading\">Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)<\/p>\n<details class=\"td-faq-item\">\n<summary class=\"td-faq-title\">\u03a4\u03b9 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03bb\u03ae\u03b8\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 reinforcement learning;<\/summary>\n<div class=\"td-faq-content\">\n<p>\u0395\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b5\u03ba\u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03b4\u03b5\u03c5\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03ce\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03c7\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03b1\u03bd \u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u03af \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b5\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c3\u03c6\u03ac\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2, \u03b1\u03bd\u03b8\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ae \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bb\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ad\u03c2.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details class=\"td-faq-item\">\n<summary class=\"td-faq-title\">\u0393\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03af \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b1\u03c1\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac test episodes;<\/summary>\n<div class=\"td-faq-content\">\n<p>\u03a4\u03b1 tests \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b5\u03bc\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03b1, \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03ba\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03cc\u03bb\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2, \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae\u03c2 \u03ae \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03c5\u03c7\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03bc\u03c6\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u03bf \u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details class=\"td-faq-item\">\n<summary class=\"td-faq-title\">\u03a0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac step-wise \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 multi-step \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03bb\u03ae\u03b8\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2;<\/summary>\n<div class=\"td-faq-content\">\n<p>\u0397 step-wise \u03b5\u03be\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bc\u03af\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03c6\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae \u03b5\u03b9\u03c3\u03cc\u03b4\u03c9\u03bd. \u0397 multi-step \u03b5\u03be\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03be\u03ad\u03bb\u03b9\u03be\u03b7 \u03bf\u03bb\u03cc\u03ba\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c7\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bb\u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b2\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details class=\"td-faq-item\">\n<summary class=\"td-faq-title\">\u03a4\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 SAT-based solver;<\/summary>\n<div class=\"td-faq-content\">\n<p>\u039c\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03b6\u03b7\u03c4\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b5\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b5\u03af\u03c3\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b2\u03b9\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9, \u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b2\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9, \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03ad\u03c8\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 debugging.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details class=\"td-faq-item\">\n<summary class=\"td-faq-title\">\u03a4\u03b9 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf preimage \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2;<\/summary>\n<div class=\"td-faq-content\">\n<p>\u0395\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b5\u03b9\u03c3\u03cc\u03b4\u03c9\u03bd \u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bf\u03b4\u03b7\u03b3\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03ae \u03ad\u03be\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf. \u0397 \u03b3\u03bd\u03ce\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b2\u03bf\u03b7\u03b8\u03ac \u03c3\u03b5 retraining, shielding \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03b8\u03ad\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details class=\"td-faq-item\">\n<summary class=\"td-faq-title\">\u0395\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b9\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b5\u03b3\u03b3\u03c5\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c1\u03ba\u03b5\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2;<\/summary>\n<div class=\"td-faq-content\">\n<p>\u0395\u03be\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03ba\u03bf, \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03b3\u03ae. \u03a0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bb\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac \u03c4\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b9\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ae \u03cc\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf \u03b5\u03b3\u03b3\u03c5\u03ce\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae \u03b1\u03b2\u03b5\u03b2\u03b1\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details class=\"td-faq-item\">\n<summary class=\"td-faq-title\">\u0393\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03af \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03cd\u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03b7 \u03b7 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03bb\u03ae\u03b8\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 recurrent agents;<\/summary>\n<div class=\"td-faq-content\">\n<p>\u0395\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03ae \u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac \u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc hidden states \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ba\u03cd\u03c0\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bb\u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2, \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bb\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b5\u03b3\u03b3\u03af\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bb\u03ac\u03b2\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03bc\u03b7 \u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ae\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details class=\"td-faq-item\">\n<summary class=\"td-faq-title\">\u03a0\u03ce\u03c2 \u03be\u03b5\u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03ac \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7;<\/summary>\n<div class=\"td-faq-content\">\n<p>\u039f\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ce\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c6\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2, unsafe states, \u03c7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03ae \u03b9\u03c3\u03c7\u03cd \u03b5\u03b3\u03b3\u03cd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2. \u0388\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9 solver, benchmark \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 runtime safeguards \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b5\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf \u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03ba\u03bf.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<div class=\"td-source-list\">\n<p id=\"piges\" class=\"td-source-list-title\">Sources<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2607.16210\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">A Survey on the Verification of Reinforcement Learning Policies<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2605.14758\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Probabilistic Verification of Recurrent Neural Networks for Single and Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2302.10030\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Safe Deep Reinforcement Learning by Verifying Task-Level Properties<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nist.gov\/publications\/artificial-intelligence-risk-management-framework-ai-rmf-10\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NIST AI Risk Management Framework 1.0<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Reinforcement learning verification examines what we can actually guarantee about an AI agent, ranging from step-wise and multi-step checks to preimage analysis and human oversight.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":87038,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_gspb_post_css":"","content-type":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[17366],"tags":[6506,18901,18034,18900,18459],"class_list":["post-86988","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-digital-marketing","tag-ai-agents","tag-formal-verification","tag-reinforcement-learning","tag-asfaleia-ai","tag-epicheirimatiki-techniti-noimosyni"],"blocksy_meta":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/twodots.gr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/86988","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/twodots.gr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/twodots.gr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/twodots.gr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/twodots.gr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=86988"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/twodots.gr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/86988\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/twodots.gr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/87038"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/twodots.gr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=86988"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/twodots.gr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=86988"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/twodots.gr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=86988"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}